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11 Feb 2019

You have been asked to suggest a precompetition meal for a men’s basketball team. The game is at 4:00 PM and the meal will be served at 12:00 PM. Write your menu and be sure to include beverages. Allow for the players to have some food choices. Explain why each food was chosen.

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Keith Leannon
Keith LeannonLv2
13 Feb 2019

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Scenario/Summary

Welcome to Lab 3.

The goal of this assignment is to examine food available at fast-food establishments and examine dietary practices of the everyday consumer while reviewing key nutritional components.

Fast Food Menu Creation Overview

For this assignment, you have been asked to explore the nutritional value of menu items at a local fast-food restaurant. Using the available menu items, plan two meals: the healthiest meal possible and the unhealthiest meal possible. Both meals should include an entrée, a side, a beverage, and dessert.

Deliverables

Describe the healthy meal that you have created from the fast-food restaurant using the nutritional value of menu items.

Name the restaurant, and then write a nutritional analysis of the meal you have created. (Explain all of the nutrients found in the meal, like carbs, protein, fat, and some essential vitamins and minerals.)

Discuss your reaction to the analysis--make sure to explain why you feel the way you do about this meal. For example, if your meal is composed primarily of fat, discuss that point; if your meal supplies a lot of sugar per serving, discuss that as well. Please also remember to link excess or limited amounts of nutrients with diseases or the potential for disease (too much fat may put you at risk for heart disease, not enough calcium may not support bone health, etc.). Please make sure this section is as detailed as possible.

How will this information affect your future food choices? Make sure to explain why you will or will not eat this meal again, and support your answer with the information found in the above sections.

In a Word document, please answer and discuss the following questions.

Describe the unhealthy meal that you have created from the fast-food restaurant using the nutritional value of menu items.

Name the restaurant, and then write a nutritional analysis of the meal you have created. (Explain all of the nutrients found in the meal, like carbs, protein, fat, and some essential vitamins and minerals.)

Discuss your reaction to the analysis--make sure to explain why you feel the way you do about this meal. For example, if your meal is composed primarily of fat, discuss that point; if your meal supplies a lot of sugar per serving, discuss that as well. Please also remember to link excess or limited amounts of nutrients with diseases or the potential for disease (too much fat may put you at risk for heart disease, not enough calcium may not support bone health, etc.). Please make sure this section is as detailed as possible.

How will this information affect your future food choices? Make sure to explain why you will or will not eat this meal again, and support your answer with the information found in the above sections.

Background: In this assignment, you willinvestigate the chemical composition of the foods we eat as ourbodies break down food by the digestive process.

The USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory has posted a resourcethrough which you can investigate the chemical composition offoods. Go to the USDA Lab Link at USDA Nutrient DataLaboratory: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/

Instructions

  1. Type in a keyword, then select a food group using the drop-downarrow, then click "submit."
  2. This pulls up a menu with lots of choices.
  3. Choose one food choice, then click "submit"
  4. Next choose a portion size, then click "submit"
  5. This will bring up the nutritional informationneeded to complete the assignment.

Example:

  • Keyword: Apple
  • Select Food Group: Fruits and FruitJuice
  • Apples, raw, with skin.
  • One medium

Assignmentdetails:

A. Nutrition: Analyze the nutritionalcomponents of the food you select; and in your own words, answerthe following questions using the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory Website as listed in the unit Web resources:

  1. What was the food and portion size you chose?
  2. Describe its composition in terms of carbohydrates, lipids, andproteins.
  3. How many calories are in your food item? (Found in the Databaseas Energy – kcal)
  4. List some of the most common vitamins and minerals in this fooditem.
  5. Are there other important nutritional components of this fooditem? If so, list these. If not, say so.

B. Water:

  1. How much of your food item is water?
  2. Provide one reason why water is important for life. Toadequately answer this question, it will be necessary to explain areason for water’s importance based upon its chemical and /orphysical properties.

C. Biological Molecule:

  1. State the most abundant category of biological molecule in yourfood: carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins.
  2. Describe the structure of this type of molecule, and itsprimary function(s). This section will not be a one sentence answer.In order to adequately “describe†an entire category ofbiological molecules, you will need to briefly review their basicmolecular structures and functions.

D. Recommendation:

After identifying the nutritional components, discuss WHY youwould or would not recommend this food item as part of a healthy,nutritious diet. Be sure to use references and guidelines such asthe Food Pyramid and Recommended Daily Allowances to support yourrecommendations.

1. Which of the following statements about E. coli bacteria is TRUE?

A. It is only found in undercooked beef.

B. It is only found in unpasteurized milk.

C. It is a harmless bacterium.

D. It only affects foods prepared outside of the home.

E. It has been found in undercooked beef, unpasteurized milk and juice, and raw fruits and vegetables.

2. Where can food preparation result in foodborne illness?

A. private homes

B. catering/banquet facilities

C. institutions such as schools or prisons

D. restaurants

E. All of the above.

3. Which of the following results in the highest number of cases of foodborne illness?

A. norovirus

B. Salmonella

C. Clostridium perfringens

D. Campylobacter

E. Staphylococcus aureus

4. Pregnant women have a significantly higher risk of contracting foodborne illness caused by a specific pathogen. Which is it?

A. E. coli

B. Salmonella

C. Listeria monocytogenes

D. Campylobacter

E. Bacillus cereus

5. Common food and beverage sources of Salmonella include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. eggs

B. poultry

C. unpasteurized milk

D. raw oysters

E. meat

6. In order to prevent illness, those most at risk for foodborne illness should avoid all of the following foods and beverages, EXCEPT

A. raw sprouts (alfalfa, bean, or any other sprout)

B. hot dogs heated thoroughly

C. raw or undercooked eggs or foods containing raw or undercooked eggs

D. raw shellfish and their juices

E. unpasteurized (raw) milk

7. The safe zone for refrigerated foods is to be chilled below

A. 70oF

B. 50oF

C. 41oF

D. 32oF

E. 1oF

8. If everyone who attended a family reunion and ate a freshly prepared meal of carved roast turkey became sick with a foodborne illness, and those who ate the freshly prepared carved roast beef did not, then what aspect of the four steps to food safety would most likely have been the cause?

A. clean

B. separate

C. cook

D. chill

E. None of the above.

9. You purchase deli meat wrapped in plastic from a grocery store, carry it out to your car in a paper bag, and leave it in the car while running errands for another hour. It is 80 degrees outside. Which of the four steps of food safety have you neglected to follow?

A. clean

B. separate

C. cook

D. chill

E. All of the above.

10. What should be used to measure the internal temperature of meat to ensure that it has been cooked thoroughly and to avoid foodborne illness?

A. probe thermometer

B. mercury thermometer

C. appearance of the meat (when it looks done)

D. the oven’s temperature setting

E. cooking time

11. Why is it important for foods to be promptly chilled at the correct, safe temperature?

A. to improve taste

B. to improve appearance

C. to reduce the likelihood of bacterial growth

D. to have leftovers

E. to shorten cooking time

12. Which of the following is TRUE about USDA-certified organic food?

A. healthier than nonorganic food

B. safer than nonorganic food

C. considerably less expensive than non-organic food

D. made up of 50% certified-organic ingredients

E. at least 95% of the agricultural ingredients must be certified organic

13. Which federal agency has the primary legal responsibility for food additives?

A. FDA

B. USDA

C. DHHS

D. NIH

E. CDC

14. Who is LEAST likely to be negatively affected by a foodborne illness?

A. 45-year-old adult with HIV/AIDS

B. 20-year-old healthy college student

C. 80-year-old nursing home resident

D. 15-year-old chemotherapy patient

E. 15-month-old baby

15. Refrigerated leftovers should be eaten or thrown out within , in the interest of health and food safety.

A. 1 day

B. 2 days

C. 4 days

D. 1 week

E. 10 days

16. The FDA has approved food irradiation for all of the following, EXCEPT

A. meat

B. poultry

C. fresh fruits

D. dairy foods

E. fresh vegetables

17. The virus that causes the most foodborne illnesses and a significant number of related hospitalizations is

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Campylobacter

C. Salmonella

D. hepatitis

E. norovirus

18. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) signed in 2011 is praised because of the focus on

A. food taste

B. food defense

C. food prices

D. access to food

E. access to farm land

19. High intake of which food additive has been connected to hyperactivity in some children?

A. artificial food colors (AFC)

B. monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

C. salt

D. citric acid

E. fructose

20. All of the following can increase the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity, EXCEPT

A. poverty

B. unemployment

C. having a family farm

D. living in a food desert

E. cost of nutritious foods

21. Which one of these programs is the largest program in addressing domestic hunger?

A. Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

B. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

C. National School Breakfast Program

D. National School Lunch Program

E. Meals on Wheels

22. In the United States, there are several widely sold, common genetically modified (GM) foods. These include all of the following, EXCEPT

A. organic apples

B. corn

C. rice

D. tomatoes

E. soybeans

23. What can influence the world’s food supply?

A. drought

B. flooding

C. civil unrest

D. climate change

E. All of the above.

24. A sustainable food system needs

A. uncontrolled population growth

B. safe and secure food supply

C. rapid climate change

D. constant drough

E. one-crop megafarms

25. Those who argue FOR genetically modified foods cite all of the following, EXCEPT

A. increased supply of food

B. drought-resistant plants

C. increased susceptibility to some pests

D. increased vitamin content in foods

E. improved food taste

26. Composting is an example of which type of sustainable food strategy?

A. buying local

B. purchasing organic foods

C. eliminating industrial meat consumption

D. reducing food waste

E. eating unprocessed foods

27. It is estimated that demand for food will rise by between 70% and 100% by 2050. What is one factor that will contribute to increasing demand?

A. population growth

B. civil unrest

C. unemployment

D. falling incomes

E. existing food insecurity

28. Which of the following is a legitimate potential risk of growing and consuming genetically modified foods?

A. The food tastes better, so people eat more.

B. The food lasts longer but loses nutritional benefits.

C. A plant food could produce a protein that is allergenic to some people.

D. The food may be infested with pests.

E. The food may absorb too much water and cause bloating.

29. Dirty equipment in a food truck has contaminated food as it travels to the grocery store. In which step of the food supply process did the contamination occur?

A. planting

B. production

C. processing and distribution

D. preparation

E. None of the above.

30. Fecal-oral transmission can occur at all of the following times, EXCEPT

A. when a food handler does not wash his/her hands before touching food to be prepared

B. when a daycare worker does not wash his/her hands after changing a baby’s diaper and then picking up another child’s bottle to feed them

C. when a food server cleans the restaurant bathroom and does not wash his/her hands before delivering food plates to a table

D. when animal fecal matter is present in the field where produce is grown and harvested

E. after toys in a daycare facility are soaked in a bleach-and-water solution overnight

31. All of the following are TRUE of parasites, EXCEPT that they can

A. live in a host

B. live on a host

C. multiply in foods

D. be a worm

E. be single-celled

32. The most common symptoms of foodborne illness are

A. bleeding

B. fever

C. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

D. diarrhea

E. fever and vomiting

33. Which of the following is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness and hospitalizations in the United States and is found in over half of all raw chickens, in addition to being found in raw milk and raw shellfish?

A. Clostridium perfrigens

B. Campylobacter

C. E. coli

D. Staphylococcus

E. meningitis

34. Which type of cheese should a pregnant woman avoid to reduce her risk of contracting a foodborne illness?

A. cheddar cheese

B. Swiss cheese

C. American cheese

D. queso fresco

E. mozzarella cheese

35. What process has been used to reduce the likelihood of foodborne illness experienced by NASA astronauts in space?

A. pasteurization

B. vaccinations

C. irradiation

D. antibiotics

E. antibacterial spacesuits

36. The USDA has recommended safe internal temperatures for foods. Which type of meat must be heated to the highest temperature?

A. turkey and chicken

B. ground beef

C. fully cooked ham (to reheat)

D. fish

E. beef roast

37. Two ways to prevent cross contamination in your kitchen are

A. wash hands, use clean dishes

B. wash hands, reuse plates when needed

C. wash hands, always use same cutting board for raw meats and vegetables

D. wash hands, store raw meats in same grocery bag as other foods

E. wash hands, clean off surfaces with the same cloth used to wipe up floor spills

38. What can food handlers do prior to food preparation to easily and dramatically reduce the likelihood of causing foodborne illnesses?

A. cover their mouth with their hand when coughing

B. wash hands before preparing food

C. wipe feet before entering kitchen

D. take medication to reduce fever before coming to work

E. store raw meat in an uncovered container

39. Who is most at risk for foodborne illness?

A. healthy 20 yr old male

B. 30 yr old female

C. infant 6 mo old female

D. 45 yr old female nurse

E. all the above

40. What is a favorable conditions for bacterial growth in food?

A. foods kept at temp. below 40 degree F

B. food kept at temp. above 140 degree F

C. food with a high moisture content

D. food with a low moisture content

E. very sweet food

TRUE or FALSE (A for true and B for false)

41. Food additives may be used to maintain freshness of food.

42. Foodborne intoxication is caused by ingestion of food that contains a toxin that may be naturally present in the food.

43. Staphylococcus aureus lives on the skin.

44. One foodborne pathogen that pregnant women are often warned against is protozoans.

45. The pathogen Norovirus cause muscle aches and fever.

46. The 1993 Jack in the Box outbreak caused Congress to update the monitoring of meatpacking plants in the United Stated.

47. Cross contamination is the transfer of bacteria or other pathogens from one source or surface to another.

48. Sit-down restaurants are the single setting of preparation responsible for the highest number of illness resulting from foodborne disease outbreaks.

49. Salmonella pathogen causes the most severe illness of all pathogens.

50. The FDA is responsible for regulating the safety of GM crops consumed by humans and animals in the United States.

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