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2 May 2018

What is evolution and how does it work?

Please craft a short answer utilizing these words:
modern evoluntionary synthesis
natural selection
adaption
fitness
allele frequency
mutation

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Patrina Schowalter
Patrina SchowalterLv2
4 May 2018

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I'm sorry for putting two questions on one request but I'mrunning out of uses for my subscription period. Please help!

1. Answer the following questions

(a –d) given the following information.

Please show your mathematical equations used and your work forfull credit, highlight your final answer:

Suppose we have one locus with two alleles with the followingabsolute viabilities

and initial allele frequencies.

Absolute viability:

AA = 0.95

AB = 0.95

BB = 0.65

Initial allele frequency:

Frequency A (p) = 0.2

Frequency of B (q) = 0.8

a. What are the relative fitnesses of the genotypes?

b. What is the average fitness in the population?

c. Assuming a general selection model what will the frequency ofboth alleles A and B be after one generation of selection?

d. What will the percent (%) change in the allele frequency of Abe after one generation of selection?

Will it be an increase or decrease change?

2. In wild Soay Sheep horn size is largely determined by asingle gene with two alleles. Let us assume for simplicity thatsheep with the dominant allele, H+, have large horns andsheep with recessive allele, Hs, have short horns. Belowis a table showing the relative reproductive success of individualswith the following genotypes. Assume relative reproductive successis our measure of relative fitness of genotypes.

Answer the following question (a-­e).

Relative Reproductive Success:

H+H+ is 1

H+Hs is 1

HsHs is 0.60

a. What is the selection coefficient (s) value against therecessive allele (Hs)?

b. What type (mode) of selection is occurring at this locus ANDwhat is the relationship of the relative fitnesses of thegenotypes?

c. You want to model selection at this locus to determine therate at which the advantageous allele frequency will change afterselection. What is the proper equation to use to determine theallele (H+) frequency change after one generation of selection?

d. Assume before selection the initial allele frequencies areH+=0.1 and Hs=0.9. What will the change in H+ frequency be afterone generation of selection against the Hs allele? Show yourmathematical work and highlight your final answer.

e. Draw a predicted graph of the rate of change for H+AND Hs over say 600 generations. I am interested in if you can (a)label your axes correctly, (b) indicate the initial allelefrequencies correctly, and (c) show the predicted trendlines for the change in allele frequencies over generations.You should make one graph with two lines (one for H+ and one forHs). Label your lines as H+ and Hs, This eans you do notneed to perform any math to make your plots.)

1. 1. Explain how Darwin used Malthus’ observation about populations to construct his hypothesis on natural selection. More offspring than the environment can support, fitness, variation, selection pressures, population definition (some ideas to help formulate the answer).

2. Define what a gene pool is, what major events can alter the frequency of said pool and what this leads to. Think about describing processes like gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection.

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