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Many antibacterial agents work by inhibiting RNA polymerase. These agents are typically molecules that interact with various regions of the catalytic center to prevent DNA binding or transcript synthesis. Why are many of these considered “broad-spectrum antibiotics”?

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Collen Von
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16 May 2019

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Related questions

6) Case Study: Cancer Drugs

DNA-damaging agents have a long history of use in cancer chemotherapy. The full extent of their cellular mechanisms, which is essential to balance efficacy and toxicity, is often unclear. In addition, the use of many anticancer drugs is limited by dose-limiting toxicities as well as the development of drug resistance. Novel anticancer compounds are continually being developed in the hopes of addressing these limitations; however, it is essential to be able to evaluate these compounds for their mechanisms of action.

a. One example of a DNA-damaging agent that interferes with DNA synthesis is aphidicolin. Knowing that it interferes with DNA synthesis, propose three hypotheses of how this agent might accomplish this (think about potential targets and mechanisms you have learned about in the cell).

b. Another set of DNA-damaging agents are alkylating agents, which either cross-link (create covalent bonds) between DNA and proteins or between DNA bases on the same or opposite strands. Hypothesize how these agents might specifically interfere with replication. Offer three different potential modes of action.

c. Clearly DNA replication is important for almost all the healthy cells in our body. How do these DNA-damaging agents manage not to kill the patient?

Please answer all

Why does a template-dependent DNA polymerase require a primer to initiate DNA synthesis?

DNA polymerase require 5' phosphate to add a new nucleotide

DNA polymerase require 3' hydroxyl group to add a new nucleotide

DNA polymerase require energy by hydrolizing the primers

Which of the following enzymes is template independent?

Reverse transcriptase

Klenow fragment

DNA polymerase

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA polymerase

The natural function of a DNA ligase enzyme is:

Joining together DNA sequences with compatible cohesive ends from two different organisms to yield a recombinant DNA molecule

Sealing single stranded nicks in double stranded DNA molecules

Joining together two blunt ended fragments of DNA within a cell

Joining together two single stranded DNA molecules

The natural function of 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity of a DNA polymerase is to:

Remove the 5' end of the DNA strand that is being copied

Remove damaged nucleotide from the template strand

Remove nucleotides from the end of DNA to generate blunt ends

Remove incorrect nucleotides from the newly synthesized DNA

Which technique is used to resolve the different sizes of DNA fragments?

Gene cloning

PCR

DNA sequencing

Gel electrophoresis

Which of the following vectors does not contain bacterial origin of replication (oriC)?

plasmid

cosmid

bacterial artificial chromosome

lambda vector

Which process of bacteriophage is not used for gene cloning?

Concatemer formation

Lytic cycle

Lysogenic cycle

viral packaging

What vector would be best suited for creating a contig of bovine (cattle) chromosome 10?

lambda vector

Cosmid vector

P1 vector

Plasmid

E. coli takes up plasmid DNA by which of the following methods?

Transduction

Transformation

Conjugation

Transfection

The following times and temperatures are an example of the steps for PCR. You can use the Figure to help you answer the following questions.

Why is the first step is carried out at 94°C?

To degrade the template

To denature the template

To activate the polymerase

To facilitate the primer binding

What happens in the reaction when the temperature shifts to 55°C during cycling?

the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers

the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis

the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA

the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA

During cycling, what occurs when the temperature is at 72°C?

the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA

the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers

the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA

the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis

You designed a set of primers to amplify 1 kb DNA with polymerase chain reaction. By which cycle of polymerase chain reaction, we would expect to see the first double stranded DNA with expected size?

The end of cycle 1

The end of cycle 2

The end of cycle3

The end of cycle 4

True or false. *If a statement is false, cross out the one incorrect word in the sentence, then write the word on top of the incorrect word to make the statement correct.

-The ΔG of an unfavorable reaction is increased by syphoning away its product with a highly favorable reaction.

-All proteins share the same phosphate backbone that helps form secondary structure through non-covalent hydrogen bonds.

-Telomerase performs DNA synthesis using an RNA template.

-Highly condensed chromatin is called heterochromatin and is associated with lysine acetylation that leads to transcriptional splicing.

-In eukaryotes, mismatch repair of DNA polymerase errors uses methylation in the new strand to distinguish it from the old strand.

-Competitive inhibition requires that a ligand binds within the enzyme active site to prevent substrate binding.

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