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24 Apr 2018

Which cells in our immune system allow vaccines to work?

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Nestor Rutherford
Nestor RutherfordLv2
27 Apr 2018
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Related questions

A. There are many autoimmune diseases wherein the immune systemattacks the body's own cells. These diseases seem to indicate aflaw in the immune system, and it seems odd that natural selectionhas not led to an immune system with a better concept of "self".Why have these autoimmune responses remained a part of the immunesystem? What are some situations where it would be advantageous forthe immune system to target the body's cells?

B. Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium that enters the body throughthe fecal-oral route and can lead to severe diarrhea, and in somecases, death. There are an estimated 3-5 million cases per year,with 100,000 deaths resulting from infection.

i. What is the main reason that our body may not wantto induce a potent immune attack of this type of pathogen?

ii. Although vaccines to cholera do exist, they are only about50% effective. Since the bacteria infect the gut, oral vaccinesroutes have been more effective than injected vaccines. What keydifference in our body

1. What are virulence factors? List and describe the different types of virulence factors that can exist?

2. What are the ways in which an organism can evade phagocytosis?

3. Describe what is involved in the innate immune system?

4. Describe what is involved in the adaptive immune system?

5. Describe the importance of normal flora in the body.

6. Why are vaccines advantageous to our immunity?

7. Describe how the immune cells can distinguish from self and non-self.

From the article "Addressing Parents' Concerns: Do Multiple Vaccines Overwhelm to Weaken the infant's immune system? The article estimates the theoretical capacity of an infant's immune system to respond to a certain number of vaccines. What is this theoretical capacity? Is this theoretical capacity near the number of vaccines we actually give to a child?

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