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23 May 2018

THE DISACCHARIDASES LOCATED IN THE BRUSH BORDER MEMBRANE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CELLS FURTHER REDUCE DISACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES INTO THE ABSORBABLE MONOSACCHARIDE UNITS OF GLUCOSE, GALACTOSE, AND FRUCTOSE.

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Jarrod Robel
Jarrod RobelLv2
25 May 2018
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Related questions

1. Which three are all monosaccharides? A. fructose, galactose, lactose B. maltose, sucrose, lactose C. glucose, fructose, sucrose D. glucose, fructose, galactose

2. What is the relative amount of carbohydrate digestion that takes place in the mouth, the stomach and the small intestine? A. Mouth: a little Stomach: none Small intestine: most B. Mouth: none Stomach: a little Small intestine: most C. Mouth: most Stomach: a little Small intestine: none D. Mouth: none Stomach: most Small intestine: a little

3. Many adults are lactose intolerant. What causes this? A. Lactose provokes an autoimmune response that irritates their intestinal lining. B. They break down and absorb lactose, thereby depriving the bacteria in the colon of lactose as an energy source. C. They can't break down and absorb lactose, so the bacteria in their colon digest the lactose instead. D. Lactose binds to the cells of their intestinal wall, blocking the absorption of other nutrients.

4. Compared with animal fats, in general, vegetable oils contain a higher proportion of A. unsaturated fatty acids. B. cholesterol. C. trans-fatty acids. D. saturated fatty acids.

5. Trans fatty acids are found in A. all plant fats/oils. B. all fats/oils. C. all animal fats. D. hydrogenated oils.

6. Cholesterol made in the liver travels to body cells in A. Micelles B. High density lipoproteins (HDLs) C. Low density lipoproteins (LDLs) D. Chylomicrons

Carbohydrate intolerance is a rare but very serious hereditary disorder. Cases due to lack of digestive enzyme and to impaired hexose transport have been reported. It is estimated that glucose-galactose malabsorption accounts for 2% of the patients with protracted diarrhea of infancy. In two reported cases of glucose-galactose malabsorption, the infants developed diarrhea soon after birth. Their stools contained reducing sugars and had an acidic pH. Analysis of tissue obtained by biopsy of the small intestine showed normal villi with normal disaccharidase values. Monosaccharide feeding (loading) tests showed a normal rise in blood glucose following a fructose load dose, which was tolerated well. This result was in contrast to a flat glucose curve in response to a glucose load, which was accompanied by marked abdominal distension, profuse diarrhea, and the presence of reducing sugars in the stools.

What is a reducing sugar? Why would it be increased in these patients?

Which monosaccharide transport protein is lacking in these patients? Give a rationale for your answer.

If the plasma glucose concentration had been monitored in these two patients following a load of sucrose, would a rise in plasma glucose have been observed? Give a rationale for your answer.

In terms of plasma glucose concentration, what would have been observed following a loading dose of lactose?

What would be an appropriate dietary treatment for these individuals?

Experiment 1 Yeast cells produce ethanol and CO2 during fermentation. We will measure the production of CO2 to determine the rate of anaerobic respiration in the presence of different carbohydrates. Note: Sucrose (a disaccharide) is made up of glucose and fructose. Glucose is a monosaccharide. Completely fill the smallest tube with water and invert the larger tube over it. Push the small tube up (into the larger tube) until the top connects with the bottom of the inverted tube. Invert the respirometer so that the larger tube is upright (there should be a small bubble at the top of the internal tube). Repeat this several times as practice

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