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What are the products of the first embryonic division? What is the function of each cell? How is this segretation of function reminiscent of early development in sea urchins and frogs? How are the functions of the two cells reminiscent of early development in chicks and humans?

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Bunny Greenfelder
Bunny GreenfelderLv2
20 Sep 2018

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Related questions

Human blood cells, early embryous of the african clawed frog, sea urchin embryo, early zebrafish embryo, amoeba proteus stained wirh ph dependent dye, mouse embryotic steam cells, human red blood cells, eodea cell, human cheek cells staines with methylene blue

1. which display cells that are differentiated that is specialized for particular function? How many of their functions can you name? Would you argue that the amoeba is a differentiated cell or not?

2. Which display cells that are not differentiated? as they continued to divide, will some of their descendants become differiated? what kinds of diferretianted cells will they be?

You are a scientist in a lab that studies how cell fates are specified during development. In particular, you are curious about muscle development. Muscle cells are derived from the mesoderm (one of the three primary germ layers) and are specified rather early in development. You are using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model system to study the phenomenon of muscle fate specification. You have isolated a line of mutant flies you have named “whimpy” (wpy). The wpy phenotype appears to be inherited in a mendelian manner and acts as a recessive lethal, that is, ¼ embryos from matings between two “carrier” flies die early in development. Analysis of the embryos suggests that muscle cells are not made. This suggests that the wildtype (normal) form of the wpy gene is required (necessary) for normal muscle specification during development.

- How would you test the hypothesis that wpy is sufficient to specify muscle cell fate? Explain your answer.

-Suppose wpy encodes a transcription factor. Describe one approach for determining the gene targets of the wpy protein.

  1. An organism with extensive yolk, such as the chick,

A) has incompletecleavage. D)forms a blastoderm but no blastocoel.

B) has yolk evenly distributed in the egg. E) has completecleavage.

C) fails to synthesize DNA duringcleavage.

  1. Invagination

A) occurs in sea urchins.

B) forms the archenteron in echinoderms.

C) creates unique positions for new cell interactions.

D) requires unique cell movement.

E) All of the above

  1. When the blastopore dorsal lip is grafted from one frog embryoonto a second embryo, the second dorsal lip will

A) change the developmental fate of the surrounding cells.

B) change the polarity of the adjacent segments.

C) cause rapid cell division.

D) block gastrulation.

E) change the prospective potency of the surrounding cells.

  1. Gastrulation in birds differs in many ways from gastrulation infrogs. The main feature that both have in common is that

A) the neural tube forms.

B) somites are created.

C) cells from the surface of the blastocyst migrate to form thegut.

D) three germ layers are established.

E) All of the above

  1. In humans, the secondary oocyte forms:
  1. at ovulation.
  2. during telophase I.
  3. after fertilization.
  4. at birth.
  5. all of the above.

  1. In Ascaris:
  1. The secondary oocyte is fertilized.
  2. Two polar bodies are visible when the secondary oocyte is inprophase II.
  3. Both a haploid and a diploid nucleus are present in a primaryoocyte during early prophase I.
  4. Cell plates are formed during both anaphase I and anaphaseII.
  5. No correct answer is given.
  1. A gastrula is:

a. an embryo that is younger than a blastula.

b. a stage in development that has three tissue layers.

c. a type of egg that has yolk concentrated at one end of thecell.

d. an opening in the center of an early embryo.

e. something else

  1. A human cell containing 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome isa

a. somatic cell of amale b. zygote

c. somatic cell of afemale d. a sperm e. an ovum

  1. The spermatogonium is ________ , and the primary spermatocyteis __________ .

a. diploid,haploid b. haploid, diploid

c. haploid,haploid d. diploid,diploid e. triploid, diploid

  1. The first cavity formed in the rapidly dividing starfish embryois the:

a. Blastoderm. b. Archenteron.

c. Neural groove. d. Blastocoel. e. Trophoblast.

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