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While using some methods to detect the activity of telomerase or methods of telomerase inhibition, fluorescent dCTP or fluorescent dGTP are used. So is it possible to inhibit telomerase activity by only using fluorescent dCTP or fluorescent dGTP?!!!

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Nelly StrackeLv2

7 Jul 2019

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A research project you are working on involves the study of sugar binding to human serum albumin (HSA). The sugars to be tested are not fluorescent, and you do not wish to use a secondary fluorescent probe. HSA has only one tryptophan residue, and you know that this amino acid is fluorescent. You find that the tryptophan fluorescence spectrum of HSA undergoes changes when various sugars are added. Can you explain the results of this experiment and discuss the significance of the finding? (Hint: If a ligand is binding to a protein, it can affect the fluorescence spectrum of protein in two ways: 1. By binding close to the protein chromophore and directly perturbing its spectrum, or 2. By inducing conformational changes in the protein that may cause perturbation in protein fluorescence).

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You are an oncologist with three patients:

Patient 1 has a tumor causing mutation in a pro-growth gene. The mutated protein allows the cell to grow without receiving growth signals from outside the cell. Is the mutated gene an oncogene or a tumor suppressor? Why? Which hallmark is the gene associated with?

Patient 2 has a tumor which contains a loss of function mutation in the P53 gene. How would you determine if it is a somatic or germ line mutation

Patient 3 has a tumor causing mutation in a gene called telomerase. The function of telomerase is to lengthen the ends of chromosomes. What hallmark is telomerase associated with? Is the mutation gain of function or loss of function? (Hint: to answer this question, you need to understand which hallmark telomere length is associated with)

Telomeres and aging
In human blood cells, the length of telomeres steadily declines over time from 8,000 base pairs at birth to 3,000 base pairs as people age, and as low as 1,500 in the elderly (an entire chromosome has about 150 million base pairs). Each time a cell divides, an average person loses 30 to 200 base pairs from the ends of that cell's telomeres.
While telomere shortening has been linked to the aging process, it is not yet known whether shorter telomeres are just a sign of aging; like gray hair, or actually contributes to aging. After conducting some research, answer the following:

Why do cells have telomeres?
Why do telomeres get shorter every time a cell divides? What counteracts this shortening?
What role do telomeres play in aging? Conduct research about dyskeratosis congenita.
If telomerase makes cancer cells immortal, could it prevent normal cells from aging?
Do you think we could extend the average lifespan by preserving or restoring the length of telomeres with telomerase? If so, does that raise a risk the telomerase also will cause cancer?