A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. In human populations the β-globin gene can be found as the common allele known as HbA, and it can also be as the HbS allele. Individuals who have two copies of the HbS allele have the disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following examples descriptions of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, or population level?
A. The HbSallele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightly differently from the polypeptide encoded by the HbAallele.
B. If an individual has two copies of the HbSallele, that persons red blood cells take on a sickle cell shape.
C. Individuals who have two copies of the HbAallele do not have sickle cell disease, but are not resistant to malaria. People who have one HbAallele and one HbS allele do not have sickle cell disease but are resistant to malaria. People who have two copies of the HbSallele have sickle cell disease, and this disease may significantly shorten their lives.
D. Individuals with sickle cell disease have anemia because their red blood cells are easily destroyed by the body.
A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. In human populations the β-globin gene can be found as the common allele known as HbA, and it can also be as the HbS allele. Individuals who have two copies of the HbS allele have the disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following examples descriptions of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, or population level?
A. The HbSallele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightly differently from the polypeptide encoded by the HbAallele.
B. If an individual has two copies of the HbSallele, that persons red blood cells take on a sickle cell shape.
C. Individuals who have two copies of the HbAallele do not have sickle cell disease, but are not resistant to malaria. People who have one HbAallele and one HbS allele do not have sickle cell disease but are resistant to malaria. People who have two copies of the HbSallele have sickle cell disease, and this disease may significantly shorten their lives.
D. Individuals with sickle cell disease have anemia because their red blood cells are easily destroyed by the body.
