1. If you use maintenance rehearsal to prepare for your next test in psychology, you probably will
a. do well if the test is next week, but not well if the test is sometime after that.
b. not do well on the questions that are based on facts and information, but do well on the questions based on concepts.
c. not do well.
d. do quite well.
2. Your knowledge of how to brush your teeth is an example of
a. episodic memory.
b. procedural memory.
c. semantic memory.
d. explicit memory
3. If you have never paid attention to and cannot think of which wrist your professor wears her watch on (even if you remember many other things about her), which function of memory has most likely failed you?
a. storage
b. retrieval
c. encoding
d. application
4. Marvin is suffering from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Which component of his working memory is most likely to be affected?
a. the phonological loop
b. the visuospatial sketch pad
c. the central executive
d. all of these are equally affected
1. If you use maintenance rehearsal to prepare for your next test in psychology, you probably will
| |||
| |||
| |||
|
2. Your knowledge of how to brush your teeth is an example of
| |||
| |||
| |||
|
3. If you have never paid attention to and cannot think of which wrist your professor wears her watch on (even if you remember many other things about her), which function of memory has most likely failed you?
| |||
| |||
| |||
|
4. Marvin is suffering from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Which component of his working memory is most likely to be affected?
| |||
| |||
| |||
|
For unlimited access to Homework Help, a Homework+ subscription is required.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
Based on âMorgan: A case of Diabetesâ by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)
The Patient:
Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly ¼ of Morganâs tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:
Test | Morganâs values | Normal range | Pre-Diabetic range | Diabetic range |
Plasma glucose, mg/dl | 260 | 70 -139 | 140 - 199 | ⥠200 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 140 | ⤠99 | 100 - 125 | ⥠126 |
A1C, % | 7.6 | ~ 5 | 5.7 â 6.4 | ⥠6.5 |
Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml | 34 | 2 - 10 | 10 - 20 | ⥠20 |
Question 1:
Based on her history and blood results, what do you think is the most likely diagnosis for Morgan?
A. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
B. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
C. Pre-Diabetes
D. Cardiovascular Disease
Question 2:
What is the cause of Morganâs disease?
A. It is an auto-immune disorder that destroys the β-cells of her pancreas so she produces less
insulin than normal.
B. She has a genetic mutation that results in less insulin receptor being produced than normal.
C. She has developed insulin resistance, where her insulin receptors do not recognize the insulin her
body produces, likely due to her obesity.
D. There is no known cause, it can happen spontaneously.
Morgan is worried that she will have to spend the rest of her life giving herself injections but her doctor does not prescribe insulin injections.
Question 3:
Why would injections of insulin not help Morgan if she has hyperglycemia?
A. Her body is already producing excess insulin but not responding to it.
B. Her problem is with her insulin receptors responding to insulin.
C. Excess insulin will only exacerbate her insulin resistance.
D. All of the above.
Question 4:
Given Morganâs metabolic state, which of the following pathways would you expect to be active in Morganâs cells (select all that apply)?
A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. β-oxidation
D. Amino acid degradation
E. Protein synthesis
Its one problem with 7 questions
A) Most eukaryotic cells transcribe a relatively high portion of their genome, but most of those RNA transcripts are likely not encoding for proteins. Elucidating the function(s) of that "junk" RNA is one of the next big challenges in molecular cell biology. You isolate one of those transcripts and determine that its sequence consists of 50% C, 30% U, and 20% A. What is the percentage of Gs in this transcript? (don't write the unit)
B) Which stop codon(s) can be encoded by the RNA in the previous question ("How many times do we need to tell you to stop? 1").
List the codon(s) alphabetically. If you need to enter fewer codons than the alloted number of "blanks", enter N/A .
C) From what you can tell, the sequence of the transcript you isolated in the previous question* appears quite random. Assuming that it is random, you can expect to see the various combinations of any three nucleotides at a probability that depends of the frequency of each of the nucleotides. For example, you naturally should expect to see the triplet CCC more times than AAA. What is the expected percentage of triplets corresponding to stop codon(s) in this transcript (round to one decimal place and enter just the number without "%")? *(How many times do we need to tell you to stop? 1)
D) If the length of the transcript in the previous two questions is 2,500 nucleotides, how many stop codons do you expect to find in it, based on the frequency you calculated above?
E) On average, how many bases separate each of the occurrence of the stop codon(s) (round to the nearest integer).
F) The sequence between two potential stop codons is an "open reading frame" (ORF*). Upon closer examination of the RNA sequence from the previous questions** you determine the presence of an ORF that may encode for a putative protein which is 600 amino acid residues-long. How long is the ORF?
*Open reading frame: a stretch of DNA or RNA which is uninterrupted by a stop codon and may therefore encode for a protein.
**Questions "How many times do we need to tell you to stop" 1 through 5.
27 bases | ||
1,800 bases | ||
2,500 bases | ||
259 bases | ||
600 bases | ||
83 bases | ||
200 bases |
G) What may be the ramifications of your analyses of the RNA you isolated*? It is clearly containing an ORF which is longer than what you expected to find based on the sequence analysis you have conducted. What would be a logical conclusions based on the comparison of the lengths of the actual and predicted ORFs? Questions "How many times do we need to tell you to stop" 1 through 6. Pick 1, 2 or 3 below
1) The difference between the actual and predicted sizes of the ORF is not big enough to be significant and therefore your initial hypothesis that sequence is random is clearly random, is supported. | ||
2) Nature is random and your results, using the Bard's words, may be "full of sound and fury" but are really "signifying nothing". | ||
3) The difference between the actual and predicted sizes of the ORF is rather big and may suggest that the sequence of the RNA may not be as random as it first appeared. This raises the hypothesis that what started as piece of "junk" RNA may be actually encoding for a protein. |
Based on âMorgan: A case of Diabetesâ by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)
The Patient:
Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly ¼ of Morganâs tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:
Test | Morganâs values | Normal range | Pre-Diabetic range | Diabetic range |
Plasma glucose, mg/dl | 260 | 70 -139 | 140 - 199 | ⥠200 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 140 | ⤠99 | 100 - 125 | ⥠126 |
A1C, % | 7.6 | ~ 5 | 5.7 â 6.4 | ⥠6.5 |
Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml | 34 | 2 - 10 | 10 - 20 | ⥠20 |
The recommendation of Morganâs doctor was to improve her exercise, good nutrition, and weight loss. He recommends meeting with a nutritionist to assist Morgan in her weight loss goals. When Morgan got home and told her family the diagnosis they however had LOTS of suggestions on how she can lose weight. Below is a description of the advice given to her by three family members.
Best friend Savannah:
âYou know how Iâve been losing weight? Well, Iâve been on the Atkinsâ Diet. I heard about it on TV. Itâs great! You get to eat steak, chicken wings, and all the good stuff. All you have to do is limit carbohydrate intake. You should definitely give it a try. This diet has been around for years and it has worked for lots of people, including me.â
*Note: Atkinâs Diet recommends: 10% carbohydrates, 55% fats, 35% protein
Brother Alan:
âI think the best thing for you to do is exercise and stop eating all of that pizza and candy and food filled with fat. Our people never used to eat that junk. I say eat meals that are nutritionally balanced and high in fiber and low in refined sugars and saturated fats. And run a lot. Stop sitting around the house.â
Grandfather:
âMorgan, it is true that it is best to live in harmony and balance â to eat a nutritionally balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and âgoodâ fats to meet your bodyâs needs. That is good. But look to your heritage. Our people were never overweight before we started eating âcivilizedâ food. Look to our native diet. I think you should look to traditional herbal remedies for help. What Alan says is true. Exercise is good. But it is sometimes not enough. Our people have always looked to natural medicine for cures. They will lift your spirits and energize you. Then you will lose weight and you will be healthy again. I hear the herbs from the diet shop are safe and good. But you must take them like the medicine label says. It canât hurt to try them.â
*Note: these herbal supplements Morganâs grandfather is recommending contain the herb
ephedra (ephedrine).
Question 5:
Given Morganâs metabolic state, what is the primary fuel source for her cells currently?
A. Carbohydrates (glucose)
B. Fats
C. Proteins
D. It is a balance of all three
Question 6:
Metabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following?
A. Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.
B. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood.
C. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood.
D. Hyperglycemia.
Question 7:
Which weight loss suggestion is designed to achieve some level of ketosis?
A. Atkins Diet
B. Exercise
C. High fiber diet
D. Herbal treatments
Question 8:
One major side effect of the herbal supplement can be hot flashes and increased perspiration due to increased thermogenesis, what is the likely cause of the heat production?
A. Increasing the activity of phosphfructokinase-1.
B. Increasing the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
C. Increasing the activity of citrate synthase.
D. Increasing the activity of uncoupling proteins.
Question 9:
Would substituting fiber and complex carbohydrates (larger % cellulose) for the simple sugars and starches (high sucrose and amylose/amylopectin) help Morgan lose weight, why?
A. Yes, because complex carbohydrates like cellulose are largely indigestible so they pass through
the digestive tract without being absorbed.
B. Yes, cellulose contains less glucose residues than amylose or amylopectin.
C. Yes, because the fructose in sucrose is much more responsible for weight gain than the glucose.
D. No, because cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin are all composed of glucose so it doesnât
matter.
Question 10:
Which weight loss suggestion will lead to an increased need for gluconeogenesis?
A. Atkins Diet
B. Exercise
C. High fiber diet
D. Herbal treatments