AGGGGGATTCACCGTGCGAAATTTTTTTAACAACTGCTCAGTCTGACAGGCAACTGTCAA
CTGACTGAATTGTGACACAGATTACACTTGTTACCCACGTACCACGAATCAGGTTATGCC
TCAGTCAATATTAAACTGCACTTCAGCAAATCCGGAGCCTGATTCACAGGTACTGGATTT
GATTGTGACAGTCATTCCTGTCAACTGAGCACTTTGCAGTAGCGGTTGCAGATTCCAGCG
ACTGGTCCAGTATTCTTTCCCGGCTACTTTTACTGTGAATGTATCGTTCTCATTATACTT
GGAAAACTCAATTTTACCTTTAGCACAATCTGCCGCCATTGCATTAACAGAAACTAATGC
AAATAAAACCGCCATAAACATCTTCTTCATACTTAACTCCTTTATTCACCCGTTGTATAT
AAAGACTGTGACTTTCTGTTCAGAAACGCTGCTGCTGTATTACTTTCCGATAATCTATTG
TTTATTTTTA
1. From 5' to 3', list the DNA sequences of all possible ORFs that are encoded by this piece of double stranded DNA.
2. What protein-coding gene or genes does this piece of double stranded DNA encode?
3. E. coli O26 can utilize glucose through glycolysis. (TRUE/FALSE)
4. In the absence of glucose, E. coli O26 can utilize arabinose, a five-carbon monosaccharide. Which transport mechanism is used to import arabinose by E. coli O26?
5. E. coli O26 can use trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. However, E. coli does not make TMAO reductase unless TMAO is present in the environment. How does E. coli O26 know TMAO is present or not?
6. Bacteria can evolve much faster than animals and plants because they grow much faster and have larger population sizes. To put this in a context, do you think it is possible statistically that every single base pair in the E. coligenome has experienced a mutation in a 5 ml E. coli overnight culture? We know that there are ~1010 cells in the 5 ml overnight culture and the mutation rate of E. coli is 10-9 per base pair per DNA replication. Justify you conclusion.
AGGGGGATTCACCGTGCGAAATTTTTTTAACAACTGCTCAGTCTGACAGGCAACTGTCAA
CTGACTGAATTGTGACACAGATTACACTTGTTACCCACGTACCACGAATCAGGTTATGCC
TCAGTCAATATTAAACTGCACTTCAGCAAATCCGGAGCCTGATTCACAGGTACTGGATTT
GATTGTGACAGTCATTCCTGTCAACTGAGCACTTTGCAGTAGCGGTTGCAGATTCCAGCG
ACTGGTCCAGTATTCTTTCCCGGCTACTTTTACTGTGAATGTATCGTTCTCATTATACTT
GGAAAACTCAATTTTACCTTTAGCACAATCTGCCGCCATTGCATTAACAGAAACTAATGC
AAATAAAACCGCCATAAACATCTTCTTCATACTTAACTCCTTTATTCACCCGTTGTATAT
AAAGACTGTGACTTTCTGTTCAGAAACGCTGCTGCTGTATTACTTTCCGATAATCTATTG
TTTATTTTTA
1. From 5' to 3', list the DNA sequences of all possible ORFs that are encoded by this piece of double stranded DNA.
2. What protein-coding gene or genes does this piece of double stranded DNA encode?
3. E. coli O26 can utilize glucose through glycolysis. (TRUE/FALSE)
4. In the absence of glucose, E. coli O26 can utilize arabinose, a five-carbon monosaccharide. Which transport mechanism is used to import arabinose by E. coli O26?
5. E. coli O26 can use trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. However, E. coli does not make TMAO reductase unless TMAO is present in the environment. How does E. coli O26 know TMAO is present or not?
6. Bacteria can evolve much faster than animals and plants because they grow much faster and have larger population sizes. To put this in a context, do you think it is possible statistically that every single base pair in the E. coligenome has experienced a mutation in a 5 ml E. coli overnight culture? We know that there are ~1010 cells in the 5 ml overnight culture and the mutation rate of E. coli is 10-9 per base pair per DNA replication. Justify you conclusion.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
Question 4
Using the terms provided, complete the statements below. Some terms may apply more than once, while others may not apply at all. (15 points)
| Guanine histone Double helix Adenine conservative cytosine | Okazaki fragments Thymine introns Leading strand RNA polymerase 5-prime to 3-prime | Uracil chromatin DNA ligase Semi-conservative promoter | Lagging strand DNA polymerase nucleosomes Electron transport chain enhancer |
Watson and Crick determined that DNA exists in the form of a _______________, where two antiparallel chains of nucleotides wind around each other. The nitrogenous bases project to the interior where they hydrogen bond in specific pairs, ___________ with __________ and _____________ with ____________.Meselson and Stahl demonstrated that DNA is replicated by the _______________ model in which the parent molecule unwinds and each strand serves as a template for synthesis of a new strand. Synthesis of DNA is carried out by _________________, which builds the new strands in the ___________ direction. While the ______________ grows continuously; the _______________ is built in short sections called _________________, which will eventually be joined together by __________________. Eukaryotic __________________ is composed of DNA and _____________ proteins that bind together forming ________________________, the basic units of DNA packaging.
Question 5
In the table below, predict (yes or no) whether or not the E. coli lac operon will be transcriptionally active in the presence or absence of glucose or lactose as indicated and respond to questions "a" and "b."
| Lactose | Glucose | Lac expression? |
| No | Yes | |
| Yes | Yes | |
| Yes | No |
Explain each of your answers in terms of the molecular mechanisms that are known to underlie the regulation of the lac operon. Which mechanism is considered to be negative control and which is considered to be positive control? Explain.
Question 6
Use the genetic code table in your textbook to aid you in answering the questions below. (15 points)
a.) Use the genetic code table to deduce the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the mRNA shown here:
5âAUGAUUGGAGGUUUGAUCGGGCAAUAGGGGUUUCAGUAAAUG3â
b.) Explain how the above sequence in "a" illustrates that redundancy of the genetic code.
c.) Explain what would happen if a mutational event caused the underlined "G" to be changed to a "U"? What is the name for this kind of mutation?
