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blueduck862Lv1

28 Sep 2019

37) which of the following respiratory structures has the largest cumulative cross-sectional area?

a) bronchioles

b) trachea

c) primary bronchi

d) secondary bronchi

e) alveoli

50) Which of the following molecules is not filtered into Bowmanâs capsule in a health nephron?

A) water

b) plasma proteins

c) Na+

d) Ca+2

glucose

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Keith LeannonLv2

28 Sep 2019

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True of False: Freshwater environments have a higher concentration of oxygen than saltwater environments.

QUESTION 2 If the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of the barrier to diffusion is 0, which of these events will occur?

The area for gas exchange will increase to accommodate this similarity.

The constant for diffusion will decrease.

The rate of diffusion will be 0.

The distance thickness of the barrier to diffusion will also be 0.

QUESTION 3 On the x-axis of the oxygenâhemoglobin equilibrium curve is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. Which type of blood is most likely to be represented by the right-hand side of the axis? (Hint: the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve is figure 45.14 in your book on pg 913)

blood found in the left ventricle

blood found in the right atrium

blood found in the superior vena cava

blood found in the inferior vena cava

QUESTION 4 Which of these is an example of pulmonary circulation?

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the aorta to the cardiac vein.

Blood is pumped from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.

QUESTION 5 O2 will diffuse from blood to tissue faster in response to which of the following conditions?

an increase in the PO2 of the tissue

a decrease in the PO2 of the tissue

an increase in the thickness of the capillary wall

a decrease in the surface area of the capillary

QUESTION 6 Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

a decrease in temperature

a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

a decrease in pH

a decrease in carbonic anhydrase

QUESTION 7 How does the medulla oblongata sense the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydrase produced by cells performing cellular respiration is exported and travels though the blood, and binds to a receptor on the medullary respiratory center, which causes a signal amplification resulting in a change in gene expression which results in the production of proteins that will cause the diaphragm to contract

B. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which increases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

C. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which decreases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

D. A and B

E. A and C

QUESTION 8 Which of the following parts of the lung are considered "dead space"? A. The alveoli B. The trachea C. The bronchi D. B and C E. All of the above

QUESTION 9 Which of the following blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

QUESTION 10 How does the interstitial fluid return to the bloodstream?

A. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the osmotic pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the blood pressure driving fluid out of the blood

B. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the blood pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the blood

C. Interstitial fluid leaves the tissue via lymphatic ducts and travels through the lymphatic system, which returns the fluid to the veins. D. A and C

E. B and C

QUESTION 11 True or False: When an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows a flat line (aka asystole), medical personnel will restart the heart using a defibrillator.

azureprairie-dog128

1) Which is NOT characteristic of metabolism during theabsorptive state?

a) oxidation of about 50% of the glucose absorbed from a typicalmeal

b) conversion of glucose to glycogen in hepatocytes

c) gluconeogenesis using amino acids

d) glucose not picked up by the liver is converted intotriglycerides.

e) deamination of absorbed amino acids which enteredhepatocytes.

2) In the Krebs cycle, an oxidation-reduction reaction is likelycoupled with a substrate-level phosphorylation. True or False?

3) Glycolysis is an example of oxidative phosphorylation. trueor false?

4)Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a)In the proximal convoluted tubule, sodium ions are reabsorbedthrough the apical membrane by the Na⁺ -glucosesymporters and Na⁺ /H⁺ antiporters

b) In the loop of Henle, Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl^- Symporters reclaim sodium, potassiumand chloride from fluid in the tubule lumen.

c)In the distal convoluted tubule, sodium resorption is mainlyby osmosis

d) In the collecting duct, principle cells absorb sodium.

5) Which of the following might indicated abnormal kidneyfunction?

a)creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min

b)serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter)

c) glucose in the urine

d) creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min and serumcreatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter) are bothcorrect

e)creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min, serumcreatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter), and glucose in theurine are all correct

6) ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure because inhibitingACE

a) stops the secretion of renin

b) prevents the formation of angiotensin I

c) prevents the formation of angiotensin II

d)increases the secretion of aldosterone

e)prevents norepinephrine from binding alpha 1 receptors onblood vessels

7) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
1. Hydrogen ions are secreted by Na⁺/H⁺antiporters in the proximal tubules.
2. H⁺ATPases (proton pumps) in the collecting ductssecrete hydrogen ions.
3. Cl^-/HCO₃^- antiporters help withhydrogen ion reabsorption.

8) Which of the following is mismatched?

a)Sodium ions ï¿½ Level is controlled by aldosterone, antidiuretichormone, and atrial natriuretic.

b) Chloride ions ï¿½ Level is controlled by chloride ion leakagechannels and antiporters.

c) Potassium ions ï¿½ Level is controlled by aldosterone.

d) Bicarbonate ions ï¿½ Level is controlled mainly by kidneys.

e) Calcium ions ï¿½ Level is regulated by osmosis.

9) Which of the following statements is correct?

a) In the menstrual phase, follicle stimulating hormonestimulates development of secondary follicles in the ovaries andprostaglandins cause loss of the stratum functionalis.

b)In the preovulatory phase, secondary follicles start tosecrete estrogens and inhibin. One becomes a dominant follicle andsecretes estrogens and inhibin causing decreased FSH secretionleading to atresia of less developed follicles. In the uterus, theendometrium undergoes repair under the influence of estrogens.

c)In ovulation, release of luteinizing hormone causes release ofthe secondary oocyte.

d) In the postovulatory phase, progesterone and estrogens aresecreted by the corpus luteum promote thickening of the endometriumpreparing for implantation. If no pregnancy occurs, progesteroneand estrogen levels drop and menstruation occurs.

e) all of these statements are correct

10)The secretory phase of the uterine cycle is associatedwith

a)increased secretion of progesterone and formation of thecorpus albicans.

b)increased secretion of progesterone and formation of thecorpus luteum.

c) increased secretion of luteinizing hormone and rupture of themature follicle.

d)increased secretion of estrogen and maturation of thesecondary follicle

e) increased secretion of follicle stimulating hormone andovulation.

11) Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillariesIMMEDIATELY enters the

a) glormerulus

b) proximal convulted tubule

c) collecting duct

d) glomerular capsule

e) loop of henle

12)Which correctly associates structure with tissue type?

a)PCT: simple cuboidal epithelium consisting of principle cellsand intercalated cells

b)descending limb and thin ascending limb of nephron loop:simple squamous epithelial cells

c) thick ascending limb of nephron loop: simple cuboidalepithelial cells with prominent brush borders of microvilli

d) DCT: simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells

e) collecting duct: stratified cuboidal epithelial cells

13) Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluidsoccurs first in the

a) proximal convoluted tubules.

b) distal convoluted tubules.

c) loop of Henle.

d) glomerular capsule.

e) collecting ducts.

14) Which is NOT True about podocytes?

a) their pedicels form filtration slits

b) they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule

c) they are modified simple squamous epithelial cells

d)all of these choices statements about podocytes are true

15) In the process of forming concentrated urine, symporters inthe loop of Henle cause sodium ions and chloride ions to build upin the renal medulla helping to form the osmotic gradient. ADHincreases reabsorption of water by principal cells in thecollecting ducts.

True or False?

viridianmallard359

Please help! Not sure about these questions..thanks

Which can cross the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane without assistance from transport proteins?

	A.	Ions such as Na+.
	B.	Small hydrophobic molecules such as O2.
	C.	Small hydrophilic molecules such as glucose.
	D.	Any small molecule or ion.

QUESTION 2

Which transport process requires a cell to expend energy?

	A.	Moving a solute up its concentration gradient.
	B.	No transport processes require energy.
	C.	Moving a solute either up or down its concentration gradient.
	D.	Moving a solute down its concentration gradient.

QUESTION 3

Imagine a cell whose membrane is permeable to water, but impermeable to solute X. If solute X is more concentrated outside the cell than inside, which way will water move by osmosis?

	A.	Water will not move in either direction, in or out of the cell.
	B.	Water will move equally in both directions, in and out of the cell.
	C.	Water will leave the cell.
	D.	Water will enter the cell.

QUESTION 4

The cellular structure that encloses the DNA/genes is the

		ribosome.
		plasma membrane.
		nucleus.
		mitochondrion.

QUESTION 5

The part of metabolism that builds larger, more complex molecules or structures from smaller, simpler components is

	A.	anabolism.
	B.	catabolism.
	C.	catalysis.
	D.	hydrolysis.

QUESTION 6

In an exergonic reaction

	A.	the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is absorbed.
	B.	the reactants have more energy than the products, so energy is released.
	C.	the reactants have less energy than the products, so energy is released.
	D.	the reactants have less energy than the products, so energy is absorbed.

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