Question

Homework 5: Sigmund Freud

Freud’s general theory of personality is called ___________________ theory. While working with patients experiencing conversion disorders, Freud became convinced that all such cases were caused by unexpressed sexual motives.

Freud viewed the mind as being composed of the three parts. The ___________________ functions entirely at the unconscious level and operates according to the ___________________ principle, which attempts to satisfy its needs by using wish-fulfilling mental images. A second part of the mind is called the ___________________, which can be thought of as the executive of personality and helps us to deal with the world through the reality principle. The only part of the mind containing a sense of morality is the ___________________, which is created mainly by parents. Parental punishment creates the moral inhibitions called conscience, whereas parental rewards establish a standard of conduct called the ego ideal.

Freud believed that our personalities are formed as we pass through a series of developmental stages from infancy to adulthood. Stressful events experienced during a stage can leave the personality ___________________ at that stage. According to Freud, the developmental stages result from a shifting energy from one ___________________ zone to another. Since these stages represent the release of sexual energy, they are called ___________________ stages. The first stage, lasting from birth to one year of age, is called the ___________________ stage. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage, he or she may engage in overeating and drinking.

The second stage of development, from one to three years, is called the ___________________ stage. Fixations at this stage may lead to a personality that is either stingy and compulsive, called ___________________ ___________________, or cruel and disorderly, called ___________________ ___________________.

From ages three to six, children are in the ___________________ stage, in which the genitals become the primary source of pleasure. During this stage, boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers, referred to as the ___________________ ___________________. Boys also develop a fear of their fathers, called ___________________ ___________________. Girls develop desires for their fathers called the ___________________ ___________________. According to Freud, failure to resolve the phallic stage results in a phallic personality, characterized by egocentric selfishness, impulsiveness, and a lack of genuine feeling for others.

From ages 6 to 11, children enter the ___________________ stage, during which sexual interest is relatively inactive. From age 11 through adulthood, the individual is in the ___________________ stage, in which sexual and romantic interests are directed towards one’s peers. Most modern revisions of psychoanalysis agree that Freud overemphasized ___________________ motivation, underemphasized positive aspects of personality and the importance of relationships, and was prejudiced against women.

Word Bank

Id

Phallic

Oedipus Complex

Erogenous

Anal Retentive

Psychoanalytic

Anal Expulsive

Sexual

Psychosexual

Genital

Latency

Oral

Electra Complex

Superego

Unconscious

Ego

Fixated

Defense mechanisms

Castration anxiety

Penis envy

Sublimination

Anal

Pleasure

Repression