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Answer the question in regards to Botany;

Distinguish among the biological, morphological, and phylogenetic species concepts.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation.

Briefly describe the processes of allopolyploidy, autopolyploidy, and recombination speciation.

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Hubert Koch
Hubert KochLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

Evolution and Speciation

Define evolution. Why is it inaccurate for creationists to tout evolution as “just a theory”? (Think about what theory actually means in scientific terms vs. the use of the word “theory” in casual conversations).

Explain what the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows and describe the conditions necessary for the equilibrium to be maintained.

Explain what factors cause populations to diverge from the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and how each factor causes the change.

Describe how species evolve via natural selection. (Be sure to discuss the key aspects of natural selection: variation, heredity differential survival and reproductive success in your answer).

What does speciation mean and how can it occur?

What does adaptation mean? Why is natural selection the only agent of evolutionary change that leads to adaptation? (Think about how natural selection works).

Is natural selection all powerful? Can it create any variation that you or I could think of? Why or why not?

Differentiate between natural and sexual selection.

What is reproductive isolation?

Describe prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation and explain how they can contribute to speciation.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how each leads to new species.

What is adaptive radiation?

Be able to read and interpret phylogenetic trees: be able to determine which species are most closely related to each other, what nodes represent, where common ancestors would be located, etc.

What are paraphyletic, polyphyletic and monophyletic groups within a phylogeny?

What is meant by “survival of the fittest” and how does itrelate to evolution? Are these two concepts the same or different?Justify your answer and be sure to define both conceptsadequately.

Define and compare natural and artificial selection, includingthe source of selection pressure and the traits selected for.Provide a specific example of each.

What is speciation in general? Briefly describe the differencebetween allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Be sure toinclude under what sort of conditions each type might occur.

Huntington's disease is a dominant disorder that causesprogressive deterioration of brain cells and eventually death. Eventhough this is a fatal disease and a dominant one, it has persistedin the human population. Explain the reason that Huntington's hasnot been eliminated. (You will have to look up information on thedisease paying special attention to the age at which it isexpressed. It is important to understand the significance ofthis.)

QUESTION 5

The vast numbers of finch species on the Galapagos Islands arevery closely related and differ primarily by feedingspecializations. What process best explains this distribution ofspecies?

sympatric speciation

mass extinction

adaptive radiation

polyploidy

10 points

QUESTION 6

Frogs "croak" at night to lure females for mating. Females areattracted only to the song of their species. This is an exampleof

mechanical isolation

temporal isolation

habitat isolation

behavioral isolation

10 points

QUESTION 7

To prepare for a hiking trip in the Appalachian mountains, youbuy several field guides for the region from a used bookstore. Younotice that the older guides list a single species of tigerswallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, and an Appalachianmorph of this species. However, the newest guide list two separatespecies, P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis. Theauthors of this guide state that the biological species concept wasused in determining their classifications. What do you think ledthem to list two separate species of tiger swallowtail?

The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis interbreed in the wild

The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis have a genomic similarity of 99%

The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild

The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis have distinct differences in wingcoloration

10 points

QUESTION 8

A scientist is studying a population of crickets and finds thatthere is variation in the songs used by males to call for mates.Some males call with high pitched, 3 chirp songs and some call withlow pitched, 4 chirp songs. However, offspring from the two typesof males are able to interbreed, so the scientist classifies thepopulation as a single cricket species and goes on to anotherproject. One year later, a mutation arises in a female cricket thatmakes her unable to hear high frequencies. Ten years later, agraduate student returns to the same cricket population anddiscovers that there are now two distinct cricket species in thearea, although they appear morphologically identical. What is themost likely explanation?

Temporal isolation has led to allopatric speciation

Sexual selection has led to sympatric speciation

Habitat isolation has led to allopatric speciation

Gametic isolation has led to sympatric speciation

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