Signal transduction ispart of a cell's response to an external signal. Althoughsignaltransduction pathways can differ in their details, there aresome common elements. Determine which of the statements belowaccurately describe signal transduction pathways. Select the sixcorrect statements.
1. A receptor changes conformation uponbinding, transmitting a signal acrossthe cellmembrane.
2. Signal transductioncascades, often involvingprotein kinases, amplify a signal intracellularly.
3. Signal transductioncascades directly transmit asingle stimulus to a single target.
4. A second messengermay carry a signal from thecell membrane to an organelle.
5. A ligand, such as a hormone, binds to a specific cell surfacereceptor on a target cell.
6. A ligand phosphorylates protein residues, ending the signalingcascade inside thecell.
7. A receptor may pass on a signal by interacting withanother protein or by acting as an enzyme.
8. Phosphatases remove phosphoryl groupsfrom polypeptides, regulating a cell's response.
9. A second messengercarries a signal from atissue or organ to a target cell.
Signal transduction ispart of a cell's response to an external signal. Althoughsignaltransduction pathways can differ in their details, there aresome common elements. Determine which of the statements belowaccurately describe signal transduction pathways. Select the sixcorrect statements.
1. A receptor changes conformation uponbinding, transmitting a signal acrossthe cellmembrane.
2. Signal transductioncascades, often involvingprotein kinases, amplify a signal intracellularly.
3. Signal transductioncascades directly transmit asingle stimulus to a single target.
4. A second messengermay carry a signal from thecell membrane to an organelle.
5. A ligand, such as a hormone, binds to a specific cell surfacereceptor on a target cell.
6. A ligand phosphorylates protein residues, ending the signalingcascade inside thecell.
7. A receptor may pass on a signal by interacting withanother protein or by acting as an enzyme.
8. Phosphatases remove phosphoryl groupsfrom polypeptides, regulating a cell's response.
9. A second messengercarries a signal from atissue or organ to a target cell.
