answer

watching

views

taupeswan96Lv1

28 Sep 2019

Many experts recommend that people get at least 30 minutes of vigorous exercise three to five times a week. Why do most people exercise less than the amount recommended? What factors might influence "adherence or non adherence"behavior?

answer

watching

112

views

For unlimited access to Homework Help, a Homework+ subscription is required.

You have 0 free answers left.
Get unlimited access to 3.8 million step-by-step answers.

Get unlimited access

Already have an account? Log in

Hubert KochLv2

28 Sep 2019

Unlock all answers

Get 1 free homework help answer.

Already have an account? Log in

Related questions

Medical History:
Ms. PW, a 58 yr old Caucasian woman, is referred by her physician for the development of an exercise prescription. She is 6 yr postmenopausal and has never been on hormone replacement therapy. In 1987, she was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland), which was treated with radioactive iodine. Since the treatment, Ms. PW has been on synthroid, a drug used when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. She has mild hypertension, which is regulated by blood pressureâaltering medications. Ms. PW is 5 ft 5 in. (165 cm) tall with a weight of 128 lb (58 kg), and her body mass index is in the normal range. She does not follow a regular exercise regimen but reports that she enjoys biking.

Diagnosis:
A few months ago, Ms. PW was diagnosed with osteopenia. Considering her medical history, she is likely to become osteoporotic. Her risk factors are age, sedentary lifestyle, being Caucasian, being petite in stature, loss of menstrual function, and lack of thyroid hormone production.

Exercise Test Results:
She recently underwent an exercise stress test that was normal, but no physiological testing was done other than regular blood chemistries.

Exercise Prescription:
A walking program is surely the best choice because it has the potential of improving not only her cardiorespiratory fitness, but also her bone density. However, Ms. PW is particularly fond of bicycling, and therefore the exercise prescription will incorporate some biking activities, as that is likely to increase her adherence to exercise. These cardiorespiratory activities will start slow and gradually progress over time. Ultimately, her goal would be to walk (3.5 mph [5.6 kph] or faster) or bike 30 to 45 min five times a week. In order to reach this goal, Ms. PW may need to start walking or biking at a slower pace and for a shorter distance, but she should strive to exercise five times a week. After it is determined that she can comfortably handle the speed and distance used for the first 2 wk, these two components should be gradually increased. The best choice is to increase the speed a couple of days a week and increase the distance covered on the other days of the week.
A resistance training program should also be implemented, and may be more beneficial with respect to bone than the cardiorespiratory program. Resistance training should also start slowly, with the frequency beginning at 2 d/wk and moving up to 3 or 4 d/wk. Initially, resistance should be low enough that she can easily complete 12 repetitions of an exercise without undue strain. Exercises that target all the major muscle groups should be incorporated, especially for the legs and back. However, exercises that involve spinal flexion should be avoided. In order to strengthen abdominal muscles, Ms. PW can do leg lifts or modified sit-ups, in which only the head is being lifted off the floor. Upon completion of the first 2 wk, during which the patient does one set of 12 repetitions of each exercise, she can add a second set. This same progression can be used after Ms. PW completes another 2 wk. At this point, the patient should start increasing the intensity by slowly increasing the resistance. An adequate resistance at this point would allow the patient to complete no more than 10 repetitions on the second set. All exercises should be performed with slow, controlled movements. Based on Ms. PWâs medical history, this exercise prescription should be well tolerated and should provide optimal health benefits. Individual cases vary, however, and for a woman who has suffered fragility fractures as a result of osteoporosis, even the minimal exercise described here may not be tolerated initially. Such a patient will need a more gradual, less intense program.

Questions:
1. What other information should be obtained from Ms. PW?

2. What other physiological tests might be recommended?

3. Explain the difference in benefits achieved through cardiorespiratory training versus resistance training for this patient. Why is it always important to incorporate both?

Medical History:
Mrs. KY is a 45 yr old Caucasian female, married with two teenage sons. She is employed as a senior manager at a large bank and reports experiencing an âabove averageâ level of tension and stress. She presents at the referral of her primary care physician, who has observed that the client has elevated blood pressure and cholesterol levels that may be attributed to her stressful and highly sedentary job. In addition, the client admits that she would like to lose 30 to 40 lb (14 to 18 kg) and improve her fitness so that she can ride her bike with her husband on a community rail trail recently installed by her neighborhood.

Diagnosis:
Mrs. KY is a sedentary but otherwise healthy middle-aged female with significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease including obesity, dyslipidemia, and psychosocial stress. At the request of her physician she seeks to start exercising as part of a disease prevention program.

Exercise Test Results:
The client is 5 feet 6 in. tall (168 cm) and weighs 196 lb (89 kg), with a body mass index of 31.7. She has a resting heart rate of 85 beats Â· minâ1 and a resting blood pressure of 136/89 mmHg. Her total cholesterol is 198 mg Â· dlâ1 untreated, and her high-density lipoproteins are 34 mg Â· dlâ1. Her graded treadmill stress test revealed that she has a V.O2max of 20.5 ml Â· kgâ1 Â· minâ1, which is normal for an unfit woman of her age range. Her electrocardiogram was also unremarkable at rest, as well as during and following her test. In addition, she reported smoking from ages 17 to 40. She also complains of occasional joint stiffness in her hands and ankles. The client describes herself as nonathletic and admits to never participating in an organized sport or exercise setting. She is aware of the benefits of exercise but did not feel an incentive to begin a formal program until her doctorâs recommendation. The client jokes that although her workday is highly organized and structured, the rest of her life is chaotic and that it is due only to the support of her husband and kids that anything gets done at home. She laments that her eating habits are atrocious and that she is so tired when she gets home from work that she has only enough energy to make dinner before crashing in front of the television. She presents to you to start a workout program that will help achieve her goals.

Exercise Prescription:
The exercise plan including the traditional componentsâfrequency, intensity, duration, and modality (discussed in detail in later chapters)âmay be tailored to address specific risk factors. The subjectâs medical history, however, clearly indicates that this person had not prioritized exercise participation until she received her doctorâs recommendation. Moreover, she presents with numerous potential barriers to engaging in a physically active lifestyle, as well as behaviors that contribute to her overweight status. The clinician should assist the participant in establishing awareness and developing strategies to address those barriers. Furthermore, the clinician should consider tailoring strategies for motivating the participant toward the adoption of a healthy, physically active lifestyle.

Questions:
1. Applying the transtheoretical model, at what stage of exercise adoption is this client?

2. Based on your response to question 1, what types of interventions are most appropriate for this stage of change and why?

3. If you used the health belief model, what factors would you emphasize to achieve optimal exercise adherence?

4. How would Banduraâs social cognitive theory be relevant to fostering exercise adherence for this client?

1.Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament, personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span.

Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms, so it is difficult to predict accurately.

People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life, which can cause substantial changes in personality over time.

Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older.

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

reliably assesses id/ego/superego conflicts and specific psychological disorders related to these conflicts

does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders

identifies many normal, healthy adults and children as psychologically disturbed

is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use

Research has shown that, in predicting the behavior of people we know, we:

are unable to perform above chance levels in our predictions

are less accurate in predicting their observable behavior than in predicting our own observable behavior

tend to predict that their behavior will be more negative than it actually is

are more accurate in predicting their observable behavior than in predicting our own observable behavior

Derrick feels that he deserves more than other people, and he often tries to manipulate people to get what he wants. Whenever someone challenges him, he gets very angry. Derrick likely:

has exceptionally high-esteem

has a collectivist perspective

has low self-esteem

is suffering from terror-management syndrome