Your hypothesis states that the number of species on an island doubles for every 10 x increase in island size. If there are 20 species on an island with area of 1 m^2, how many species would you expect to find on an island with area of 10 m^2? How many would you expect to find on an island with area of 100 m^2?

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Hubert KochLv2

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A population of finches lives on an island some distance from the mainland, where another population of finches of the same species resides. In both populations, the size of the birds' beaks is influenced by two alleles at the beak locus, B and b. Finches with the BB genotype have the largest beaks, bb have the smallest beaks, and Bb individuals have a beak size intermediate between the two homozygotes. On the island, the frequency of the B allele is 0.3, and the frequency of the b allele is 0.7. On the mainland, both alleles are equally frequent (0.5).

(a) If the migration rate from the mainland to the island is 0.1 (meaning that 10% of individuals in the island population migrate in from the mainland every generation), what is the change in the frequency of the B allele on the island in one generation due to migration? Assume there is no migration from the island back to the mainland.

(b) The genotypes at the beak locus have the following fitness on the island: w_BB = 0.95, w_Bb = 0.98, w_bb = 1. Which allele is the most fit? What size beak is selectively favored on the island? What do you predict will happen to the frequencies of these alleles in the long term?

(c) The island experiences a severe drought for two consecutive years, which kills a plant species on the island that makes small seeds eaten by the finches. As a consequence, the food available decreases and the average size of edible seeds on the island increases greatly. Birds with large beaks are much better able to crack large seeds and thus better able to survive the drought. Which allele is the most fit? How do you predict the allele frequencies of B and b will change during this drought?

This part of the activity focuses on some of the key methods that have been useful in protecting endangered species and protecting biodiversity, including hunting and fishing regulations, creating parks and refuges, the Endangered Species Act, and recovery plans that aim to protect the habitat of rare or endangered species. As an example, there are many rare and unique species of both plants and animals in New Zealand. Nearly 1,000 years ago, though, colonists to the area introduced rats and other invasive species of plants and animals that began to harm the native ecosystems. At Kapiti Island, a recovery plan created a wildlife refuge, eliminated the non-native species such as goats, pigs, rats, and dogs and brought back native plants and animals such as the Kiwi bird. Instructions Review the Case Study at the beginning of Chapter 11, entitled âHow Can We Save Spotted Owls?â and Section 11.1, entitled âBiodiversity and the Species Conceptâ and Section 11.2, entitled âWhat Threatens Biodiversity?â Spotted owl populations have suffered from habitat destruction, while native species in New Zealand have suffered from invasive species; these are two types of threat to biodiversity. Consider other threats as put forth in Chapter 10, as well as the implications of biodiversity loss for humans. Open Google Earth, and in the search box enter: Kapiti Island, Wellington, NZ. Click Search. 1. How big is Kapiti Island? Zoom way in and explore the island some. What evidence is there that this island is being preserved as a natural area?

1. Describe how you would test the hypothesis that the smallisland and the main island flies are separate species under thephylogenetic species concept. Be as specific as possible about themethods, sampling, etc. You can collect the materials on theislands and do any additional work after being rescued. Show whatyour results would look like if the two sets of flies weredifferent species AND if they were not.

2. Describe how you would test the hypothesis that the smallisland and main island flies are separate species under thebiological species concept. Be as specific as possible about theexperimental methods, sampling, statistical tests, etc. Again, youcan do this work after you are rescued and have access to thenecessary resources so don

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