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Construct a foraging model with 3 prey types. Imagine that you already know that it pays for a forager to eat prey type 1 and 2. What are the conditions under which the forager should add prey type 3?

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Beverley Smith
Beverley SmithLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Subject: Principal of Ecology

Please explain in a Paragraph each question.

2. If you get a bit lucky while swimming on a coral reef, you may see a moray eel darting in and out of the nooks and crannies of the reef as it hunts. And, if you are really lucky, you may see a grouper swimming with the eel. Grouper are large, predatory fish, which, unlike the eel, cannot feed within the coral but instead must feed on fish above and next to it. Sometimes, the two species work as a team. Fish that are scared out of the coral by the eel become prey for the grouper while fish that flee the grouper for the safety of the coral are eaten by the eel.

This is an example of:

(A) mutually beneficial behavior

(B) selfish behavior

(C) altruistic behavior

(D) spiteful behavior

Explain your answer.

3. The marginal value theorem can be used to make a number of predictions about how a central-place forager should behave. For example, it could be used to predict how large a load of seeds a pack rat should collect from patches that differ in their quality and in their distance from the rat’s burrow. Assume the pack rat is an optimal forager and use what you know about optimal foraging to answer the following questions:

Imagine that the pack rat could forage in either of two patches that differed only in their distance from its burrow. How should the time spent foraging and the load collected from the near and far patches compare?

Imagine that the there are two patches: open and bush. Food quality and density are identical and both patches are equal distances from the rat’s den. However, because the bush patch is more sheltered the rat can forage there in relative safety. How would you expect the difference in predation risk to affect models of the marginal value theorem?

The introductory passage explains that Vibrio cholerae bacteria may benefit from being able to obtain genes from their prey. What would be the best way to test whether they can benefit within one week of exposure to prey with a gene that confers resistance to ampicillin, an antibiotic that is commonly used in microbiology laboratories? Choose all of the steps that you should include.

Transfer V. cholerae that have been exposed for one week to prey with the resistance gene to medium with ampicillin.
Transfer V. cholerae that have been exposed for one week to prey lacking the resistance gene to medium with ampicillin.
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are resistant to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey with the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin.
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey that have the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin.
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey lacking the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin.
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey lacking the resistance gene on medium that contains ampicillin.
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are susceptible to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey that have the resistance gene on medium that contains ampicillin.
Set up V. cholerae cultures that are resistant to ampicillin and allow them to grow for a week in the presence of prey lacking the resistance gene on medium that does not contain ampicillin.

DDT is an insecticide that can remain in the bodies of insects and then is transferred to the fat of the animals who eat the insects. Based on what you know about bioaccumulation, who would be most impacted by DDT?

birds who eat the insects (trophic level 2)

small mammals who eat the insects (trophic level 2)

birds of prey who eat small mammals and other birds (trophic level 3)

all are equally affected

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