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Explain two different transaction mechanisms, that would allow the temporal regulation of protein expression. For example, one set of genes would be expressed early, another set of genes later, nad yet another set of genes much later.

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Bunny Greenfelder
Bunny GreenfelderLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Your uncle mentions that Dr. Mike Levine, who published the seminal paper on evestripe 2 regulation in 1991, will be coming by to visit later today. You’re very excited: you have data showing that pillbug gap genes (all cloned by your uncle) are nearly identical to Drosophila gap genes, and are expressed in exactly the same patterns in the early embryo. You yourself have recently cloned a novel pillbug pair-rule gene that you think is regulated the same way Drosophila pair-rule genes are: for example, you think that stripe 4 of your new gene is regulated by the pillbug homolog of caudal (positively) and by the pillbug homologs of Kruppel and giant (negatively). You hurry to get ready to discuss these results with Dr. Levine!

First, brieflydescribe the experiments you did to show where the pillbug gap genes are expressed in the early embryo.

Then, on a sketch of a gap gene-expressing pillbug embryo, draw where stripe 4 of your pair-rule gene would normally be expressed. Explain your logic for putting it there, then describe how you plan to experimentally test one of your assumptions about the transcriptional regulation of that stripe.

A research lab is using DNA microarrays to examine gene expression in Salmonella enterica during stress. It was noted that when exposed to nutrient limitations, 20 new genes were expressed (as compared to normal laboratory growth conditions); when exposed to oxidative stress, 24 new genes were expressed; and when exposed to low pH, 15 new genes were expressed. The lab then subjected the bacteria to growth in macrophage phagolysosomes, which mimicked the previous three conditions, and noted 59 new genes being expressed. Which of the following would best explain this result?

Choose one:

A. The experiment is probably wrong and should be repeated since the number should be lower than 59 because it is likely that some of the stress-induced genes would overlap, so the total number would be lower than adding up the results for the three individual changes in gene expression.

B. The results are probably wrong, and the experiment should be repeated since there would likely be even more stress-induced gene expression due to not only the three stressors that were encountered individually but also due to any additional stress not yet accounted for due to being in the phagolysosome.

C. This is expected since all three stresses are encountered and the effect would be additive, so the 59 genes would be the same as the 20 genes for low-nutrient stress, the 24 genes for oxidative stress, and the 15 genes for low pH stress.

D. The results are probably wrong, and the experiment should be repeated since there should be less binding on the DNA microarrays due to the low pH conditions.

E. The result is most likely a coincidence since some of the genes for the different stressors would overlap, some genes wouldn't be expressed under the combined conditions, and some new genes would likely be expressed due to the unrecognized stress of growing in the phagolysosome.

Please answer the following multiple-part question regarding probe synthesis and nucleic acid hybridization:

a) You would like to determine how many genes are expressed in the normal hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) of a healthy person and the hepatocytes of an alcoholic. Which of the following blots would you utilize and how many hybridization experiments you must perform to complete the experiment?

A. A Sothern blot (membrane-based)/two

B. A Northern blot (membrane-based)/one

C. A microarray/two

D. A gene chip/one

b) Of the two genes, one has a sequence of 5’CCCAUUUGG3’ and another has the sequence 5’CCCAAUUGG3’. You want to distinguish the two genes by Southern blot hybridization. Which of the following parameters you may not have to control?

A. The membrane to be used (nylon membrane versus PVDF membrane)

B. Detergent (i.e. SDS) concentration in the hybridization buffer

C. Presence of non-specific DNA in the hybridization buffer

D. Temperature of the hybridization buffer

c) Solid-phase hybridization is different from solution hybridization because of all these, except______.

A. the former uses probes, the later do not

B. the later may use enzymes, the former don’t

C. the former uses membrane, the later don’t

D. the former immobilize nucleic acids, the later don’t

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