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Kefir and Natto are food that is produced via fermentation choose one of those food (Kefir or Natto) OR describe how knowledge of cellular respiration and fermentation is used to improve athletic performance. Describe the process used in producing the particular food or what is known about the a certain athletic performance method and how that relates to cellular respiration. You should include at least three sentences in your description.

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Casey Durgan
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28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

CELL RESPIRATION LAB

Section:

Type in your answers in complete sentences, be precise and specific to earn full credit, reformat if necessary

Purpose: The purpose of this lab activity is to analyze the effect of exercise on cellular respiration

Experiment 1 Enzymes in Food

Why is cellular respiration necessary for living organisms?

Why is fermentation less effective then respiration?

List the two co-enzymes involved in cellular respiration and describe their role.

How many ATP molecules are produced in

Glycolysis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport

Fermentation

Table 1. Fermentation by Yeast

Tube

Initial Gas (mm)

Final Gas (mm)

Net Change

1% Glucose Solution

1% Sucrose Solution

1% Equal Solution

1% Splenda Solution

1% Sugar Solution

Include your hypothesis for this experiment. Be specific…in other words we sure to include at least one end point you will measure to support your predictions. Natural sugar causes fermentation by producing CO2

Did you notice a difference in the rate of respiration between the sugars? Did any of the artificial sugars provide a good starting material for fermentation? Yes no artificial sugar did not provide a good starting material for fermentation as there was no change in height of gas.

Which tubes displayed evidence of anaerobic fermentation? How did you know? Due to change in gas height we can determine fermentation was occurring during to production of CO2

Hypothesize why some of the solutions were not metabolized. Research their chemical formulas.

How do the results of this experiment related to the role yeast play in baking?

Experiment 2Aerobic Respiration in Beans

How did the color of the bromothymol blue solution in each beaker change over time in each condition?

What is the mechanism driving the bromothymol blue solution color change?

What can be inferred from the color change of the bromothymol blue solution?

What evidence do you have that cellular respiration occurred in the beans? Explain your answer.

What are the controls in this experiment, and what variables do they eliminate?

If this experiment were conducted at 0 °C, what difference would you see in the rate of respiration? Why?

Table 2: Bromothymol Blue Color Change Over Time for Pinto Bean Trial

Time

Pre-Soaked Pinto Beans

Dry Pinto Beans

No Pinto Beans

0 min

30 min

60 min

90 min

120 min

150 min

180 min

24 hours

Table 3: Bromothymol Blue Color Change Over Time for Kidney Bean Trial

Time

Pre-Soaked Kidney Beans

Dry Kidney Beans

No Kidney Beans

0 min

30 min

60 min

90 min

120 min

150 min

180 min

24 hours

. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in orderto provide you with energy from the food you eat.

Include in your essay:

  • Complete descriptions of photosynthesis and aerobicrespiration.
  • Describe how these two processes are linked between plants andanimals based on the reactants and products (water, carbon dioxide,glucose and oxygen) of both pathways.
  • Include a description of how energy is transferred fromsunlight to ATP, from ATP to sugars, and from sugars to yourcells.

2. In the absence of oxygen some cells and organisms can useglycolysis coupled to fermentation to produce energy from the sugarcreated by photosynthesis.

  • Explain the role of fermentation in allowing an organism togenerate energy for its cell(s) in the absence of oxygen.
  • Include any reactions required for this process, and explainhow the energy from the sun ends up as chemical energy for theanaerobic organism or cell.

3. Cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase oraccelerate the rate of reactions, such as those in photosynthesisor glycolysis. This allows reactions to occur under conditions thatsustain life.

  • Explain how an enzyme catalyzes a reaction. Include in youressay the three main steps of the cycle of enzyme-substrateinteractions.
  • How is enzyme activity regulated by the cell?

Reference

Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G., and Byers, B. (2008). Biology –Life on earth with physiology (8th Ed.). San Francisco, CA:Benjamin Cummings.

A catabolic pathway would predictably result in the
A) reduction of a sugar.
B) synthesis of a macromolecule.
C) breakdown of a macromolecule.
D) breakdown of an atom.
2.
The drug Ritonavir is used to treat people with HIV/AIDS. It worksby binding to the active site of HIV-1 protease, an enzyme used bythe AIDS virus to create new proteins for production of newviruses.Once bound, the HIV-1 protease cannot produce proteins.Ritonavir can be classified as a(n)
A) competitive inhibitor.
B) allosteric inhibitor.
C) activator.
D) non-competitive inhibitor.
3.
During cellular respiration, __________ is the final electronacceptor that allows the regeneration of the cell’s supply of NAD+.In fermentation, ____________ is the final electron acceptor forNAD+ regeneration.
A) pyruvate / lactic acid
B) pyruvate / oxygen
C) ethanol / CO2
D) oxygen / pyruvate
4.
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell isprokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
B) the presence or absence of ribosomes
C) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internalmembranes
D) whether or not the cell contains DNA
5.
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an allosteric enzyme that regulatesglycolysis. When cellular concentrations of ATP and citrate become__________, this enzyme’s activity decreases. When cellularconcentrations of AMP become ________, the enzyme isactivated.
A) high / high
B) high / low
C) low / high
D) low / low
6.
______________ is an enzyme that can utilize the free energy in thehydrogen gradient (voltage) produced between the inner and outermembrane of the mitochondrion. The enzyme uses this energy toproduce ________.
A) ATP synthase/ ATP
B) PFK/ ATP
C) PFK/ glucose
D) ATP synthase/ ADP
7.
ATP is able to do cellular work because it
A) has a high energy phosphate bond that can be hydrolyzed torelease energy.
B) converts light energy into chemical bond energy.
C) contains the sugar ribose, which can provide additional energyfor a cell.
D) its hydrolysis is endergonic.
8.
A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decomposeto form a solution of simple sugars because
A) the starch solution has less free energy than the sugarsolution.
B) the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot besurmounted.
C) the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic.
D) starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous.
9.
A person exposed to toxins would have more activity in their___________compared to an unexposed person.
A) lysosomes
B) Golgi bodies
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
10.
Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?
A) The function of fermentation is to regenerate the fermentingcells' supply of NAD+.
B) Fermentation allows a fermenting cell to gain more energy perglucose molecule than a non-fermenting cell.
C) Fermentation produces either lactic acid or ethanol that thefermenting cell can use as an energy source.
D) Fermentation is a universal process that occurs in all cells andall organisms.
11.
A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide andwater in glycolysis and the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, but togetherthese two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. Whathappened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from theoxidation of glucose?
A) It was lost as heat.
B) It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules releasedby these processes.
C) It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and thecitric acid cycle.
D) It is stored in NADH and FADH2
12.
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that
A) entropy tends to increase in a system.
B) entropy tends to decrease in a system.
C) energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
D) the quality of energy in the universe is decreasing.
13.
The endosymbiotic theory states that _______________ evolved as aresult of a symbiotic relationship between different types ofbacteria. _____________ is thought to be the selective factor thatmade this symbiosis advantageous.
A) mitochondria / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from anaerobicto aerobic
B) endoplasmic reticulum / A decrease in the amount of foodavailable in the environment
C) chloroplasts / A change in the Earth’s atmosphere from aerobicto anaerobic
D) lysosomes / A decrease in the amount of food available in theenvironment
14.
A mutation in a fruit fly affects one of the proteins that pumphydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane; thismutation makes that particular protein function less efficiently.When comparing aerobic cellular respiration in this fly with awild-type fly, you would predict that the mutant fly would
A) produce less ATP than a wild-type fly.
B) show no difference in ATP production when compared to awild-type fly.
C) produce more ATP than a wild-type fly.
D) not be able to produce any ATP via aerobic cellularrespiration.
15.
Proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell have unique_________________ that are recognized by signal recognitionparticles and thus moved to the _________________ duringtranslation.
A) phosphofructokinases / nucleus
B) codons / rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) signal recognition sequences / rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) signal recognition sequences / free ribosomes
16.
During the Krebs cycle
A) NADH is oxidized.
B) ATP is produced.
C) pyruvate is produced.
D) Acetly CoA gains a carbon to form pyruvate.
17.
Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen toproduce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinityfor electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity forelectrons (such as O).
B) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associatedwith water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
C) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken byelectrons from organic molecules.
D) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygenhave more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water andcarbon dioxide.
18.
In a chemical reaction, if ?G is negative, it means that thereaction is
A) exergonic, and work needs to be done for the reaction toproceed.
B) exergonic, and work can be done with energy released from thereaction.
C) endergonic, and work needs to be done in order for the reactionto proceed.
D) endergonic, and work can be done with energy released from thereaction.
19.
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) ___________reaction.
A) ADP + P --> ATP
B) endergonic.
C) exergonic.
D) anabolic
20.
Glycolysis
A) involves catabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
B) involves anabolic reactions and ATP is produced.
C) involves catabolic reactions and creates energy.
D) involves anabolic reactions and creates energy.

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