5. Explain how carbohydrates are digested and absorbed. â¢
6. Explain the cause, effects and dietary treatment for lactoseintolerance. â¢
7. Describe the regulation of blood glucose, conditions causedby blood glucose imbalance, types of diabetes, and dietarytreatment for diabetes. â¢
8. Describe dietary measures to reduce the risk of developingtype 2 diabetes
5. Explain how carbohydrates are digested and absorbed. â¢
6. Explain the cause, effects and dietary treatment for lactoseintolerance. â¢
7. Describe the regulation of blood glucose, conditions causedby blood glucose imbalance, types of diabetes, and dietarytreatment for diabetes. â¢
8. Describe dietary measures to reduce the risk of developingtype 2 diabetes
For unlimited access to Homework Help, a Homework+ subscription is required.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
| Name of Macronutrient | Subtypes of Macronutrient (Weâve listed the names to provide a framework, but explain what each means) | Food Sources (list food sources broken down by subtype of macronutrient) | Major Functions (make sure to explain each) | Recommended Intake (for you â include your demographic) | Related Health Concerns (be specific regarding how the macronutrient contributes to this health problem) |
| Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides Sweet, colorless, crystalline structure which contain one (mono) molecule of sugar (saccharide), with the basic CnH2nOn makeup: are the glucose and Fructose âGalactose; Sucrose, maltose and lactose Polysaccharides is a monosaccharaides bonded togehte (wikibooks). Which are simple? Monosaccharides Which are complex? Polysaccharides Both Monosacharides and Polysaccharides can be good healthy diet( wikkibooks). | Monosaccharides: glucose is found on some fruits, vegetable and honey; fructose is found in fruits, honey and corn syrup ( wikkibook) Polyasacchariders Starch (cereal grains such as wheat, oats, barley, corn rice and their products; cellulose which acts as a dietary fiber(soluble â barley-oats,rye) insoluble fiber whole grains ready to eat cereals and others) and glycogen â a storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle ( Non digestable dietary â cellulose â whole grains- green leatu vegetable; pectin- fruits, carrots, sweet potatoes. Exemple of digestable food â shellfish, animal liver.(nutrient.review,n.d) | |||
| Proteins | Essential amino acids Nonessential amino acids | ||||
| Lipids | Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols |
Charts and tables are tools we use in science to break down information analytically and present data in an organized manner. It is a beneficial strategy for learning about and organizing scientific material, which we will be using often in this class. Make sure that you are detailed, thorough, and specific in your responses. Explain yourself clearly. Do not list a word or brief phrase without explaining what it means. For example, if you list diabetes for carbohydrates, make sure you explain how carbs are associated with diabetes. Don't leave the reader to make that connection for you. Also, make sure you provide APA-style references for each of your so
1. Parathormone causes a________ in serum calcium and calcitonin causes a _____________ inserum calcium
increases; decreases | |
decreases; increases |
2. Which hormone issecreted by the pineal gland?
growth hormone | |
antidiuretic hormone | |
melatonin | |
glucocorticoids |
3. Which of the followingis an effect from hyperglycemia?
conversion of glucose to fructose in the liver | |
decrease in the osmotic pressure in the body | |
hyperhydration of the cells in our body | |
formation of glucose cross-links between protein molecules |
4. Age-related changes intestosterone seem to result from which one of the following?
increasing effects of luteinizing hormone on the interstitialcells | |
a decline in the number of interstitial cells | |
a gradual increase in the reserve capacity of folliclestimulating hormone secretion | |
a decline in the amount of estrogen secreted to support thetestes |
5. A decrease in theproduction and release of estrogen results in all of the followingexcept which one?
hot flashes | |
increase facial hair | |
loss of bone matrix | |
increase in HDLs |
6. Parathormone directlyantagonizes the effects of which hormone?
thyroxine | |
calcitonin | |
thymosin | |
aldosterone |
7. The aka for"non-ketosis-prone diabetes is what?
insulin-dependent | |
maturity-onset diabetes | |
gestational diabetes | |
secondary diabetes |
8. Which of the followingis a symptom of diabetes?
polyuria | |
polyphagia | |
polydipsia | |
all of the above |
9. Which of the followingis an undesirable effect of glucocorticoids?
breakdown of proteins | |
breakdown of fats | |
suppression of bone formation | |
vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure |
10. Which of the followingis the age related affect of decreasing growth hormone in thebody?
decrease in blood pressure | |
increase in the metabolic rate | |
decrease in lean body mass | |
increase in bone growth |
Based on âMorgan: A case of Diabetesâ by Lisa Rubin and Clyde Freeman Herreid (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science)
The Patient:
Morgan Water is a 27-year old Native American that lives on a reservation in Oklahoma. Nearly ¼ of Morganâs tribe has diabetes but she has no direct family history of diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions. She is however obese (BMI = 32) and leads a sedentary lifestyle. Morgan has been suffering from an increasing persistence of symptoms including unusual thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, and numbness in her right foot. The symptoms have been developing over several months but as she is planning her wedding she attributed them to nerves. She is finally persuaded to see her family doctor. Her non-fasting blood glucose level was elevated so the doctor has her return the next morning for a fasting blood sample so they could more accurately measure her blood glucose and insulin. Her blood results are below:
| Test | Morganâs values | Normal range | Pre-Diabetic range | Diabetic range |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dl | 260 | 70 -139 | 140 - 199 | ⥠200 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 140 | ⤠99 | 100 - 125 | ⥠126 |
| A1C, % | 7.6 | ~ 5 | 5.7 â 6.4 | ⥠6.5 |
| Fasting Insulin, mIU/ml | 34 | 2 - 10 | 10 - 20 | ⥠20 |
Question 1:
Based on her history and blood results, what do you think is the most likely diagnosis for Morgan?
A. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
B. Type II Diabetes Mellitus
C. Pre-Diabetes
D. Cardiovascular Disease
Question 2:
What is the cause of Morganâs disease?
A. It is an auto-immune disorder that destroys the β-cells of her pancreas so she produces less
insulin than normal.
B. She has a genetic mutation that results in less insulin receptor being produced than normal.
C. She has developed insulin resistance, where her insulin receptors do not recognize the insulin her
body produces, likely due to her obesity.
D. There is no known cause, it can happen spontaneously.
Morgan is worried that she will have to spend the rest of her life giving herself injections but her doctor does not prescribe insulin injections.
Question 3:
Why would injections of insulin not help Morgan if she has hyperglycemia?
A. Her body is already producing excess insulin but not responding to it.
B. Her problem is with her insulin receptors responding to insulin.
C. Excess insulin will only exacerbate her insulin resistance.
D. All of the above.
Question 4:
Given Morganâs metabolic state, which of the following pathways would you expect to be active in Morganâs cells (select all that apply)?
A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. β-oxidation
D. Amino acid degradation
E. Protein synthesis