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22 Jun 2018

Describe the mechanism by which acetylCoA is transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol via citrate for fatty acid synthesis and the sources of NADPH for the reduction reactions.

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Casey DurganLv2

22 Jun 2018

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1. preparing a fatty acid to be catabolized through beta oxidation involves all of these except:

A. expenditure of 2 ATP equivalents.

B. attachment to carnitine.

C. crossing from the matrix into the cytosol through a translocase.

D. attachment to Coenzyme A

2. Ketone body formation

A. produces a water-insoluble fuel for brain cells.

B. occurs only under starvation conditions.

C. takes place in the cytosol.

D. allows acetyl CoA to be made into net glucose.

E. is favored when the citric acid cycle is inhibited.

3. Which statement concerning fatty acid synthesis is false?

A. Fatty acid synthesis from acetyl CoA requires ATP hydrolysis.

B. Fatty acid synthesis requires acetyl CoA to leave the matrix in the form of citrate.

C. Fatty acid synthesis takes place on a multifunctional enzyme complex.

D. Fatty acid synthesis is regulated at the carnitine transporter.

4. Cholesterol is transported from peripheral tissues to the liver as

A. chylomicrons.

B. VLDLs.

C. IDLs.

D. LDLs.

E. HDLs.

The most common route for a nitrogen atom removed from a branched amino acid in muscle tissue to formation of urea is

A. branched AA --> glutamate--> glutamine --> carbamoyl phosphate --> urea

B. branched AA --> alanine--> aspartate --> glutamine --> urea

C. branched AA --> aspartate--> alanine --> glutamate --> glutamine --> urea

D. branched AA Ã alanineÃ glutamate Ã carbamoyl phosphate Ã urea

E. branched AA Ã glutamateÃ arginine Ã carbamoyl phosphate Ã urea

teallizard787

1. Which statement comparing chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

	Chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain two membranes.
	None of these statements are true.
	Chloroplasts pump protons outside the organelle, while mitochondria pump protons inside the inner part of the organelle.
	Chloroplasts and mitochondria use electrons from NADH to create a proton gradient.
	Chloroplasts and mitochondria use energy from a proton gradient to make ATP.

2. Approximately how many more ATPs are made from one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions with oxidative phosphorylation than under anaerobic conditions?

	104
	0
	2
	30

3. As a cyclic pathway, why doens't the citrate cycle stop functioning when citrate cycle intermediates are siphoned off for use by other pathways?

	Heme degradation produces succinyl-CoA, which is sufficient to restore the downstream citrate cycle intermediates that may be lacking.
	Citrate cycle intermediates are constantly imported into the mitochondria from the cytosol, so these metabolites are never in low abundance.
	Anaplerotic reactions catalyze the formation of citrate cycle intermediates, which can then enter the citrate cycle and maintain a functioning pathway.
	Oxaloacetate is the only citrate cycle intermediate that leaves the pathway, and it is replenished by pyruvate carboxylase.

1. Which process releases energy?

Hydrolysis of ATP

Synthesis of ATP

2. How many net ATP are synthesized in glycolysis per glucose

30+

3. Where does glycolysis occur?

Nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Cytosol

Mitochondria

4. How many net ATP are synthesized per glucose in glycolysis and the TCA (Krebs, citric acid) cycle combined?

30+

5. Where does the TCA (Krebs, citric acid) cycle occur?

Cytosol

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum

6. How many net ATP are synthesized per glucose in glycolysis, the TCA (Krebs, citric acid) cycle and from the electron transport chain combined.

30+

7. Where is the electron transport chain located?

Cytosol

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Nucleus

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Describe the mechanism by which acetylCoA is transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol via citrate for fatty acid synthesis and the sources of NADPH for the reduction reactions.

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