BIO 2600 Study Guide - Skeletal Muscle, Endothelium, Protein Kinase
Document Summary
Signal transduction is the process whereby one type of signal is converted to another: a target cell converts an extracellular (ec) signal into an intracellular signal. Animal cells can signal to one another in various ways: hormones (made in endocrine system) are secreted into the bloodstream and are distributed widely throughout body, ex. Adrenaline (epinephrine) = increase bp, heart rate and metabolism: ex. Cortisol = metabolism of proteins, carbs and lipids in tissues: paracrine signals are released by cells into the ec fluid in their neighborhood and act locally, ex. Fruit fly drosophila: nerve cells develop from epithelial cells. Animal cell depends on multiple extracellular signals: every cell has receptor proteins that allows the cell to respond to ec signals from others, the signal molecules work together to regulate cell behavior, ex. If there are no signals coming to the cell it goes through apoptosis.
