BIO 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Light-Independent Reactions, P680, Thylakoid

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14 Jul 2019

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Light reactions can be either cyclical or linear. Linear electron flow: a photon hits the ps 2, and the energy is passed until it turns into an excited electron. Energy investment phase: 2 atp transfer energy to split sugar into 2 g3p (3 carbon sugar) Energy harvesting/payoff phase: 2 g3p broken into 2 pyruvate 2 atp and 2. Products of glycolysis: 4 atp, 2 nadh, 2 pyruvate. Net atp: 2 ( bc we used 2 initially so u subtract it) 2 pyruvate and 2 nadh enter the mitochondrion. 2 pyruvate is then oxidized and turns into 2 acetyl coa. Because of the oxidation, 2 nadh (1 for each acetyl coa) are also produced. In the process of pyruvate oxidation, 2co2 is released as we lose carbon. So far we have 2 atp, 4 nadh (glyc and oxi), 2 acetyl coa. Third step: tca cycle/ krebs cycle/ citric acid cycle. 2 co2 are released as acetyl coa goes in tca cycle.

Related Questions

The following 9 steps in the linear (or noncyclic)electron flow of the light reactions in photosynthesis are inrandom order. Indicate the correct chronological order.

(Please note, do not rely on the step numbersprovidied in your textbook. The order is the same, but some stepsbelow may be combined or split relative to how the textbook numbersthe steps.)

Oxygen is formed as anendproduct.	Answer836142579
An electron is transferedfrom an electron transport chain from photosystem II to photosystemI's primary electron acceptor.	Answer328547691
NADP⁺ is reducedto NADPH.	Answer167483259
An electron is transferredfrom photosystem II to the primary electron acceptor.	Answer284175396
Electrons are passed fromphotosystem I through an electron transport chain.	Answer312487569
A photon of light excitesphotosystem II.	Answer846925731
ATP is synthesized as theelectrons pass through an electron transport chain to photosystemI.	Answer861243597
A water molecule is split,the electrons are transferred to photosystem II.	Answer578143269
A photon of light strikesphotosystem I, an excited electron is transferred to the primaryelectron acceptor.	Answer276135849

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Which of the following best describes what happens next to the energy from a photon of light after it excites an electron in the pigment molecule of a plant?

a. The excited electron carries the energy to the primary electron acceptor in the reaction center complex

b. the energy is released as heat and the electron drops back down to its ground state

c. the energy is passed to the other electrons in the light-harvesting complex until it reaches the reaction center complex and reduces the primary electron acceptor

d. the energy is released as light and the electron drops back down to its ground state

e. the excited electron carries the energy to the reaction center complex and oxidizes the primary electron acceptor

2. chromosomes are replicated in the _______ of a cell and sister chromatids are separated in the ____

a. nucleus; cytosol

b. nuclear envelope; nucleus

c. nuclear lamina, nucleus

d. cytosol; cytosol

e. centriole; nucleus

3.which of the following accurately describes a difference between sister chromatids and a chromosome?

a. a pair of sister chromatids contain 2 double-stranded molecules of DNA and a chromosome has 4 double-stranded molecules of DNA

b. each sister chromatid has a single strand of DNA and chromosomes have 2

c. sister chromatids have centromeres and a chromosome does not

d. a pair of sister chromatids contain identical genes, and a chromosome does not

e. sister chromatids are produced during M phase and chromosomes are always present in the cell cycle

4. all of the following take place during mitosis except..

a. DNA is proofread for replication errors

b. chromosomes are replicated

c. the mitotic spindle is formed

d. the nuclear envelope breaks down

e. sister chromatids are separated

f. A and B only

g. B and C only

h. C and D only

i. D and E only

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

BIO 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Light-Independent Reactions, P680, Thylakoid

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