NUTR100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Reactive Oxygen Species, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Fatty Liver
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Chapter 5: Alcohol EtOH
- Class of organic compounds containing hydroxyl
- Produced by microbial fermentation of carbohydrate
- Provides 7 kcal/gram
- Absorbed by simple diffusion, 20% absorbed in the stomach, most in duodenum in small
intestine
o Food slows absorption, stomach dilutes alcohol, slows down gastic
emptying(rate which food goes to small intestine)
- Cannot be stored so eliminated quickly
o 90% consumed is metabolized in liver, 5% secreted, some lost through lungs
- can cause dehydration
- Metabolized by liver: alcohol dehydrogenase: products produced promote fat synthesis
▪ Most brokmen down this way when drank conservatively
▪ Amount broken down in stomach may be significant when small amounts
consumed
▪ Breaks alcohol into acetaldehyde to acetyl Co A to fatty acids to fat
▪ Women have lower activity, so high blood alcohol, also amount of body
fat vs water
o Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
▪ Reactive oxygen species produced
▪ For larger amounts of alcohol, converts to acetylaldehyde,
o Alcohol is also metabolized by colon bacterial ADH to yield acetaldehyde(toxic
compound), can contribute to issues by causing damage to mucosal wall
- Factors affecting blood alcohol levels: weight, gender, food, drinking rate, type of
drink(body absorbs alcohol more quickly with mixers)
- Rate of Metabolism
o About .5 oz alcohol/hour
o Alcohol in blood increases if exceeds the rate of breakdown
▪ Breakdown rate depends on health, genetics, body comp, gender, age,
frequency of alcohol consumption,
- Effects
o Liver breaks down 15 ml of alcohol per hour
o When alcohol exceeds the ability of the liver to brek it down, alcohol intoxication
or poisoning can occur
o Affect CNS, breathing, and heart rate
o Can cause free radical damage, decreases ADH(antidiuretic hormone), results in
increased urine output, results in loss of zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium,
can cause chronic disease of kidney and heart, pancreas, cancer, ulcers, sexual
dysfunction and infertility
o Brain:
▪ Frontal lobes affect reasoning
▪ Speech and vision
▪ Voluntary muscle control
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