BIOCHEM 3H03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Nocturia, Aldosterone, Heart Failure
12 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
Two small (4-6 g), triangular-shaped glands located atop the upper portion of each kidney. Function: produce adrenal hormones (>50 hormones in 4 broader classes: mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones, catecholamines. Composition: cross section of the adrenal gland subcategorized into the medulla and cortex, 3 layers of the adrenal cortex: glomerulus, fasiculata, reticularis (superficial to deep) Most important glucocorticoid hormone = cortisol: target organ every cell of the body, general characteristics. Steroids, lipid-soluble, protein bound, slow metabolic effects: effects. Regulation of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism; maintenance of blood pressure and suppression of the immune response. Actions of glucocorticoids: increase protein catabolism, increase hepatic glycogen synthesis. Increase storage of glycogen: increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, inhibit acth secretion (negative feedback mechanism) Produces more glucose as levels are maintained, increased hepatic glycogen synthesis occurs (after) to store any excess glucose as glycogen: sensitize arterioles to action of noradrenaline (norepinephrine), hence involved in maintenance of blood pressure.
