CHEM 341 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Valence Electron, Atomic Orbital, Relative Atomic Mass
Document Summary
1. 1: the periodic table: atoms: the building blocks in all matters, nucleus: contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. Most of the mass of the atom is contained in the nucleus: electron cloud is composed of negatively charged electrons. The electron cloud comprises most of the volume of the atom. Isotopes: are tow atoms of the same element having a different number of neutrons. Orbitals: a region of space that is high in electron density: 4 kinds: s,p,d, and f, the first shell has only one orbital called an s orbital. The second shell has two kinds of orbitals, s and p, and so on: s orbital: has a sphere of electron density. It is lower in energy than other orbitals of the same shell, because electrons are kept closer to the positively charged nucleus: p orbital: has a dumbbell shape. It contains a node of electron density at the nucleus.
