CHEM 2443 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Pentyl Group, Electronegativity, Sigma Bond

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8 Sep 2016

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Structurally, an aldehyde has one hydrogen and one carbon group attached to the carbonyl carbon, although formaldehyde has 2 hydrogen atoms (h2c=o: if 2 carbon groups (alkyl groups) are attached to the carbonyl carbon, the generic formula is. R2c=o and the molecule is called a ketone (figure 63: the functional group is the carbonyl in both groups. Chose path that gives the simplest substituents: figure 69. Cyclic ketones are possible and the carbonyl carbon is part of the ring (must be part of the ring to be considered a cyclic ketone) Carbonyl unit is part of a 7-carbon ring, a cycloheptanone. Carbonyl carbon is c1, substituents are given lowest possible numbers. For this reason, the number is omitted: substituents attached to the aldehyde chain are named in the usual manner, with the carbonyl carbon always numbered 1, figure 70. Decanal chain in purple, substituents in green. Pentyl group (on left) is abbreviated: figure 71.

Related Questions

Classify each of the following statements as true or false:

a) To be classified as organic, a compound must be or have been part of a living organism.

b) Carbon atoms normally form four bonds in organic compounds.

c) Only an unsaturated hydrocarbon can engage in an addition reaction.

d) Members of a homologous series differ by a distinct structural unit.

e) Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

f) Alkyl groups are a class of organic compounds.

g) Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

h) Cis-trans isomerism appear among alkenes but not alkynes.

i) All aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated.

j) Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure.

k) An alcohol has an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen atom, and an ether has two.

l) Carbonyl groups are found in alcohols and aldehydes.

m) An ester is an aromatic carbon made from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

n) An amine has one, two, or three alkyl groups substituted for hydrogens in an ammonia molecule.

o) An amide has the structure of a carboxylic acid except that replaces OH in the carboxyl group.

p) A peptide linkage series arises when a water molecule forms from a hydrogen from the of one amino acid molecule an from an another amino acid molecule.