BIO SCI 93 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Facilitated Diffusion, Passive Transport, Plasmolysis

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18 Nov 2016

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Diffusion is the movement of particles of any substance so that they spread out into the available space. In the absence of other forces, a substance will diffuse from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. Any substance will diffuse down its own concentration gradient, the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases. Diffusion is considered to be passive transport because the cell doesn"t have to expend energy to make it happen. Osmosis is the diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion refers to particles in general, but osmosis specifically refers to water molecules. Hypotonic: solution in which more water enters than leaves, making a cell swell and burst. Isotonic: solution in which a stable volume of water diffuses across the membrane (no net movements) Hypertonic: solution that contains more non-penetrating solutes. Water enters cell faster than it leaves; cell will swell and burst.

Related Questions

1. predict the direction of water movement based on differences in solute concentrations. Use the terms osmotic pressure, hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
2. Why do membranes have to be selectively permeable?

3. What determines whether a particular substance can diffuse (simple or facilitated) through a membrane?

4. What mechanisms drive molecules across membranes? Use the terms concentration gradient, (facilitated) diffusion and active transport.
5. Which parts of the plasma membrane proteins do you expect to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Justify your answer.
concise and short answers pls

Read the following scenarios and indicate which of the following processes they describe.

11. Sodium molecules move randomly around a solution of sodium chloride in water, frequently colliding with other sodium ions and chloride ions. secondary active transport diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion primary active transport

12. Sodium ions (Na+) move through sodium channels in a synthetic membrane. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

13. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

14. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in pure water. facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport

15. Water molecules move out of a cell placed in a hypertonic solution. facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport osmosis

16. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na+) out of a cell and potassium ions (K+) into a cell. facilitated diffusion secondary active transport osmosis primary active transport

17. Glucose molecules move into cells lining the intestine against their concentration gradient driven by the movement of sodium ions (Na+) into the cells down their concentration gradient. osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport facilitated diffusion

18. A beaker of water is separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows the passage of water but not ions. A solution of 4% sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed on one side of the membrane and pure water is placed on the other side of the membrane. The solutions are allowed to equilibrate. At this point, which process is going on? facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport

amaranthelk944

1. Microscopic cells or particles suspended in water exhibit atype of movement known as

_______________________________________________________________________.

2. The yeast cells in suspension appear to jiggle back and forthbecause they are bombarded

by the ______________ energy of water molecules which are inconstant, rapid, random

motion.

3. The movement of the molecules of a gas, liquid, or solid froma region of higher

concentration of that substance to a region of lesserconcentration is termed

____________________________.

4. What are 2 factors that influence the rate of diffusion?

5. ______________ is the diffusion of a solvent across aselectively permeable membrane.

6. In ______________________, water moves out of a plant cell byosmosis causing the

protoplast to shrivel up.

7. In __________________, water moves into an animal cell byosmosis causing the cell to

swell and burst.

8. The process of ________________ can be used in treatingkidney patients to separate

urea (small molecules) from proteins (large molecules) using aselectively permeable

membrane.

9. Which type of solution (hypotonic or hypertonic) is formed inthe soil environment

around root cells when a lawn is over fertilized? Would the rootcells lose or gain water?

10. Why is it common practice to place lettuce and celery inwater before serving them?

orchidbear657

BIO SCI 93 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Facilitated Diffusion, Passive Transport, Plasmolysis

BIO SCI 93 Full Course Notes

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