BIO 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Cell Membrane, Peptidoglycan, Cytoskeleton

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silverbee937

3 Mar 2017

School

University of Rochester

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 111

Professor

Minckley

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Document Summary

4. 2 prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes (1-10 m v. 10-100 m) Specialized features in some prokaryotes: cell walls a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and gives the cell extra support. Bacteria"s cell (cid:449)alls are (cid:373)ade of peptidoglyca(cid:374) Peptidoglycan a polymer of carbohydrates that is linked at regular intervals to short peptides. Some bacteria have another membrane (outer membrane) that surrounds the cell wall. Outer membrane a second cell membrane made of polysaccharide-rich phospholipids that surrounds the cell wall and is more permeable than the inner membrane. Capsule a slimy layer composed mostly of polysaccharides that protects the bacteria from attack. It is helpful, but not essential to prokaryotic life. 4. 3 eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles. Eukaryotic cells also have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and ribosomes. They also have other organelles: organelles spaces separated from the cytoplasm by the membrane.

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PLEASE CHECK MY ANSWERS!

(1 pt each) If the following generally apply to all prokaryotes, write âPâ. If they apply specifically to eukaryotes, write âEâ. If they apply primarily to bacteria, write âBâ, and if they apply primarily to archaea, write âAâ. If it applies to more than one, include letters it applies to. 1 point each.

___P____6. DNA is organized in usually one large, circular chromosome.

____E___7. Cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

____P&B___8. Cell walls are common and contain some amount of peptidoglycan

____B&A___9. Small, circular pieces of DNA called plasmids, which are easily transferred, can often be found in cells.

____E___10. Ribosomes are found in cells and the entire ribosome size is â80Sâ, based on sedimentation rate.

____B&E___11. Phospholipids that comprise cell membrane feature fatty acids that are linked to glycerol by ester linkages.

__A_____12. Cell walls consist of protein/glycoprotein layer called S layer, pseudomurein layer, or in rare cases, only a slime layer outside of membrane(s).

___B&A____13. Typical shapes include bacilli and cocci.

____E___14. Cells have a cell membrane, DNA, and ribosomes.

_____A__15. Reproduction is asexual, and cells do not undergo mitosis or meiosis.

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9. Photosynthesis in plants requires the presence of the pigment ______________________, which is produced by _____________________________ within their cells.

10. Cytoskeleton is to animal cells as ______________________________ are to plant cells and bacteria.

11. Integral membrane proteins have both hydrophilic and ______________________regions that allow them to pass through the plasma membrane.

12. The prokaryotic world of bacteria have the most diverse types of _____________________________on their outer surfaces.

13. Some of a cell's __________________ are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

14. The organelle that digests inorganic wastes, like H2O2, is known as the ____________________________.

15. The organelle that synthesizes proteins in eukaryotic cells is known as _____________________________.

16. A signaling molecule may bind to a protein on the surface of the plasma membrane. This protein is known as a/an ________________________.

17. The best analog to our ability to see, hear, smell and taste on the cell level comes in the form of protein receptors in the cellâs ________________________________________.

18. The supportive framework of a cell composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules is known as the ____________________________________.

19. The organelle that contains enzymes for intracellular digestion and programmed cell death is known as the _____________________________.

20. Any solution that is more dilute than cytoplasm, which would cause a cell to swell with water is known as a/an __________________________________ solution.

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

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Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

BIO 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Cell Membrane, Peptidoglycan, Cytoskeleton

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