BIO 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10, 16: Phylogenetic Tree, Missense Mutation, Nonsense Mutation
Document Summary
10. 3 the genetic code in rna is translated into the amino acid sequences of proteins. Found in codons three letter words that code for a certain amino acid. Knew the code had to be 3 letters long because it was the shortest amount that allowed for the possibility of 20 aa. Nirenberg and matthaei made the first step of breaking the codon code when they began to synthesize simple strands of known mrna. Aug is a start codon; there are three stop codons. The genetic code is nearly universal (used by all the species) Point mutations confirm the genetic code: silent mutations. A mutation that does not change the phenotype: missense mutation. A mutation that does change an amino acid and: nonsense mutation. A mutation that causes a premature stop codon: frame-shift mutations. A mutation (either deletion or addition) that causes a shift in all the codons after the incident. 16. 1 all of life is connected through its evolutionary history.