ANTH 260 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Nationstates, Shifting Cultivation, Sedentism
27 May 2017
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Ethnography look into depth at one culture. Foraging: people everywhere were foragers, 11,000 years ago, commonality: reliance on nature. Mobility is key: not isolated or pristine live in nation-states and have contact with others. Live in bands: unit of social unit that includes <100 people and often splits up seasonally. Horticulture and agriculture at opposite end of cultivation continuum. Horticulture: cultivation of plants for subsistence through non-intensive use of labor and land, use shifting cultivation. Agriculture: system of plant cultivation characterized by continuous and intensive use of land and labor, domesticated animals, irrigating technology, allows humans to move in a wilder range of environments, characteristics. Sedentism lives in larger more permanent communities. Pastoralism: food-production strategy centered on care of herds of domestic animals, use of herds for food. Supplement by hunting, gathering, cultivating, trading: movement throughout year with herd, patterns of exchange. Market exchange: profit oriented, governed by arbitrary money standard.
