CH 102 Chapter 12: Chapter 12 Textbook Notes

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Intermolecular forces- the attractive forces that exist between all molecules and atoms: forces that hold many liquids and solids together, responsible for the very existence of condensed states. Section 12. 2: solids, liquids, and gases: a molecular comparison. For water, the solid is slightly less dense than the liquid: this is atypical behavior. Most solids are slightly more dense than their corresponding liquids because the molecules move closer together upon freezing. This is not the case in solids. The atoms or molecules in a solid are virtually locked in their positions, only vibrating back and forth about a fixed point. Crystalline- the atoms or molecules that compose solids are arranged in a well-ordered three- dimensional array. Amorphous- the atoms or molecules that compose solids have no long-range order. A transition between the liquid and gas state can be induced not only by heating and cooling, but also by changing the pressure.

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