[CH 102] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (43 pages long!)

• School: University of Alabama
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CH 102
• Professor: Martin Bakker

Document Summary

When thermal energy is high relative to intermolecular forces, matter tends to be gaseous. When thermal energy is low relative to intermolecular forces, matter tends to be liquid or solid. This is not the norm; most solids have a greater density than their liquids. Definite- matter keeps its shape when placed in a container. The strength of the attractions between the particles of a substance determines its state. Indefinite- matter takes the shape of the container: solid, liquid, gas. At room temperature, moderate to strong attractive forces result in materials being solids or liquids. The stronger the attractive forces are, the higher will be the boiling point of the liquid and the melting point of the solid: other factors also influence the melting point. Intermolecular attractions are due to attractive forces between opposite charges (+) ion to (-) ion (+) end of polar molecule to (-) end of polar molecule: even nonpolar molecules will have temporary charges.