CHEM 227 Chapter 3: Chapter 3 Book Notes

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Functional groups: groups in chemistry that have speci c chemical behaviors. *every molecule"s, regardless of size, is determined by the functional group it has attached to it. Alkenes, alkynes, and arenes (aromatic compounds) all contain carbon carbon multiple bonds. Alkenes have a double bond, alkynes have a triple bond, and arenes have alternating double and single bonds in a six-membered ring of carbon atoms. Because of their structural similarities, these compounds also have chemical similarities. Alkyl halides (haloalkanes), alcohols, ethers, alkyl phosphates, amines, thiols, sulfides, and disulfides all have a carbon atom singly bonded to an electronegative atom halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In all cases, the bonds are polar, with the carbon atom bearing a partial positive charge and the electronegative atom bearing a partial negative charge . Carbonyl groups (c=o) are found in most organic compounds. However, these compounds differ in the way they are bonded to the carbonyl group"s carbon.

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