BIO 121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Phospholipid, Deoxyribose, Peptide

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bronzehamster909

14 Nov 2014

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Polymers: long chains of small monomers; linked by condensation reactions (macros). Macromolecules: large polymers (polysaccharides, proteins and dna);often broken down by hydrolysis reactions. Dehydration/condensation reactions: responsible for the synthesis of polymers. One monomer donates a hydroxyl (oh) group and the other monomer donates a hydrogen. Hydrolysis reactions: reaction that breaks down polymers by forming a water molecule. Hydrogen attaches to one monomer and hydroxyl attaches to another monomer (happens in digestion: carbohydrates: sugars and polymers of sugars, monomer: monosaccharides (simple sugars) Have molecular formulas in ratio of (ch2o) Sugars have a carbonyl group and multiple oh groups. Classified by carbonyl group and skeleton (sugar"s carbon skeletons range from 2 to 7) Storage carbohydrates: starch (glucose polymer used to store energy within plastids) (monomers are in alpha ring form so that the hydroxyl group is below the carbon1. In a linkage, all hydroxyl groups are on same side. )

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