BIOL 2051 Chapter : Ch 15 And 16

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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At this point, pyruvate can either be used: in fermentation to form fermentation products (alcohols, acids, gases) in respiration (tca cycle) to be fully oxidized to carbon dioxide. Fermentation vs. respiration: fermentation from 1 glucose molecule a net of 2 atp are produced. Partial oxidation of glucose reduction of pyruvate fermentation products: nad, respiration from 1 glucose molecule up to 38 atp are produced. Oxidation of pyruvate by citric acid cycle. Fermentation: during fermentation, glycolysis occurs followed by fermentation reactions. (no tca, no etc, during glycolysis, electrons from glucose are passed to 2 nad+ creating 2 nadh. In fermentation, electrons from nadh are passed to pyruvate, regenerating nad+ so glycolysis can continue. In this process (glycolysis followed by fermentation reactions), net gain of 2 atp are made by substrate level phosphorylation: fig. 13. 21 start with pyruvic acid from glycolysis >> converted to>> alcohol, lactic acid, propionic acid (swiss cheese), isopropanol: **nadh is converted back to nad in all those conversions.

Related Questions

Fill in the blank in the following table:

metabolic cycle	location pro/ eukaryote	components	substrates	products	pathway purpose
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis)	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	10 enzymes
pentose phosphate pathway	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	dozen enzyme	1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP	1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP	Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism
PDH reaction	cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle					generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration)
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration)			1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP	N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP	Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+
Fermentation	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	1 or more enzymes (vary by organism)	1 pyruvate, 1 NADH	1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+	Regenerate NAD+

While Jill and Andre were studying for their Biology exam, Andre said, âAnimals perform cellular respiration and plants perform photosynthesis.â What about Andreâs statement should Jill have told him was incomplete?

Animals also perform photosynthesis.

Plants do not perform photosynthesis.

Animals do not perform cellular respiration.

Plants also perform cellular respiration.

There is nothing incomplete about Andreâs statement.

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Select the incorrect statement regarding respiration and fermentation from the list below.

Respiration produces much more ATP than fermentation

Respiration produces acidic products, fermentation does not.

Both respiration and fermentation use organic molecules.

Respiration uses oxygen, fermentation does not.

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

Energy is harvested from which reaction to produce ATP?

Carbon dioxide and water â sugar and oxygen.

Sugar and oxygen â carbon dioxide and water.

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?

Light

CO2

Water

Sugar

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

One way to explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to each other is to say that:

Plant cells use the oxygen produced by respiration for photosynthesis.

The oxygen produced by photosynthesis, once released to the environment, is the oxygen able to be used as the electron acceptors for cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration is a series of reduction reactions while photosynthesis is a series of oxidation reactions.

The two processes are not related.

The use of oxygen by plants contributes to the greenhouse effect.

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

The calculated net amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration in eukaryotes is

100

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

All of the following statements is true of photosynthesis, EXCEPT:

Releases CO2

Releases oxygen

Glucose is produced.

Water is required

Question 9

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following is an anabolic pathway?

photosynthesis

cellular respiration

fermentation

all of these processes

Question 10

Select one answer.

10 points

Plant leaves contain many different pigments. What is the purpose of having multiple pigments?

Capture light for photosynthesis at different wavelengths.

To absorb light that may harm the photosynthetic machinery.

To give leaves different colors in the fall.

orchidpig270

1. Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

a. H2O

b. CO2

c. O2

d. both O2 and CO2

e. both H2O and CO2

2. Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as

a. autotrophs.

b. parasites.

c. heterotrophs.

d. saprophytes.

e. mutualists.

3. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a. carbon monoxide.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. hydrocarbons.

d. methane.

e. glucose.

4. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

a. carbon dioxide.

b. glucose.

c. ribulose bisphosphate.

d. water.

5. When chlorophyll a molecules absorb energy, the molecules

a. release electrons.

b. release X-rays.

c. release energy.

d. release electrons and X-rays.

e. release electrons and energy.

6. The flow of what particle across the thylakoid membrane powers the production of ATP?

a. electrons

b. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

d. carbon dioxide

e. phosphate ions 2

7. The light-independent reactions were discovered by

a. M. D. Hatch.

b. Andrew Benson.

c. Melvin Calvin.

d. Robert Hill.

e. both Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin.

8. For each six atoms of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reactions, how many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are produced?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

e. 15

Chapter 7

9. The ultimate source of energy for living things is

a. the Krebs cycle.

b. fossil fuels.

c. the sun.

d. glycolysis.

e. aerobic respiration.

10. When molecules are broken apart in respiration

a. the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.

b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.

c. the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

d. ATP is converted into ADP.

e. ADP is released as a waste product.

11. ATP

a. can be produced by photosynthesis.

b. is produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.

c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.

d. is released in aerobic respiration.

e. all of these

12. Which part of the energy-releasing pathway can convert all carbon that enters to carbon dioxide?

a. fermentation

b. glycolysis

c. Krebs cycle

d. electron transport

e. phosphorylation

13. Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

a. aerobic respiration

b. anaerobic respiration

c. alcoholic fermentation

d. lactate fermentation

e. All liberate the same amount, but through different means.

14. Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

a. hydrogen

b. carbon

c. oxygen

d. H2O 3

15. Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of

a. NADP.

b. pyruvate.

c. NAD+.

d. NADH.

e. H2O.

16. Glycolysis

a. occurs in the mitochondria.

b. results in the production of pyruvate.

c. occurs in the cytoplasm.

d. occurs in the mitochondria and results in the production of pyruvate.

e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

17. The end product(s) of glycolysis is(are)

a. acetyl CoA.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. pyruvate.

d. glucose.

e. glucose and carbon dioxide.

18. Which is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a. NAD+

b. FAD+

c. ADP

d. NADH

e. NADP+

19. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

a. ribosomes.

b. cytoplasm.

c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria.

e. chloroplasts.

20. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of

a. energy.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. oxygen.

d. energy and oxygen.

e. energy and carbon dioxide.

ochremole959

BIOL 2051 Chapter : Ch 15 And 16

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