BIOL 1201 Chapter : Chapter 12

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15 Mar 2019
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Cell division is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of a cell from formation to its own division. Most cell division (mitosis) results in daughter cells with identical dna. Meiosis produces non-identical daughter cells (gametes: sperm and egg cells). All the dna in a cell constitutes the cell"s genome. Dna molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes. Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each nucleus. Somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes (1 from each parent). Gametes (reproductive cells: sperm and eggs) have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells. Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of dna and protein that condenses during cell division. In preparation for cell division, dna is replicated and the chromosomes condense. Each replicated chromosome has two sister chromatids, which separate during cell division. The centromere of the replicated chromosome is where the two chromatids are most closely attached.

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