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BIOL 1201 Chapter : Biology 1201 Lcture 2 Sienballer

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Acids, bases and salts: acids produce h + ions, hcl -> h+ and cl, bases produce hydroxide ions, naoh > na+ and oh , salts produce neither, nacl -> Ph = log [1/h+] = -log [h+] The difference between ph 3 and ph 4 is a 10 fold difference in the concentration of h+ The difference between ph 3 and ph 5 is a 100-fold difference in the concentration. Beginning with a solution of ph 8 you increase the [h+] by a factor of 1000 what is the new ph if the solution decreases by 1 the concentration increases by 10 fold if it increases then it decreases. Buffers: substances that maintain a constant ph (values stay the same throughout the experiment) What determines solubility: like dissolves like, like in terms of polarity, polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents, hydrophilic (water loving) substances interact with water molecules.

Related Questions

Part A

Which answer is a true statement about pH values?

Part A

Which answer is a true statement about pH values?

Which answer is a true statement about pH values?

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Part B

What conditions must be met in order for an aqueous solution to be called âneutralâ?

What conditions must be met in order for an aqueous solution to be called âneutralâ?

Pure water has a pH of 0.

pH is important in life mainly because it affects the cohesion of water.

A high pH corresponds to a high H⁺ concentration.

Stomach juice has a high pH.

None of the above.

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Part C

Factory smoke has led to acid rain that lowered the pH of a lake to 5.0. What is the H⁺ concentration in the lake?

Factory smoke has led to acid rain that lowered the pH of a lake to 5.0. What is the H⁺ concentration in the lake?

The hydronium ion concentration is greater than the hydroxide ion concentration.

The concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions are equal.

There are no hydronium or hydroxide ions present in the solution.

The hydroxide ion concentration is greater than the hydronium ion concentration.

None of the above.

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Incorrect; One attempt remaining; Try Again

No, there's a power-of-ten relationship between the pH and the concentration. Maybe you should review the lesson.

Part D

Your tank of swamp fish needs a pH of 5, and the pH is 7 at present. What should you do to the H⁺ concentration?

Your tank of swamp fish needs a pH of 5, and the pH is 7 at present. What should you do to the H⁺ concentration?

SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part

Part E

In a washing machine, the detergent raised the pH to 9.0. The concentration of OH^- in the solution is ...

In a washing machine, the detergent raised the pH to 9.0. The concentration of OH^- in the solution is ...

Cut it in half.

Reduce it to 1/100 of its present value.

Raise it to 100 times its present value.

Raise it to 200 times its present value.

SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part

Part F

Your tank of alkali fish needs a pH of 8, and the pH is 6 at present. What should you do to the H⁺ concentration?

Your tank of alkali fish needs a pH of 8, and the pH is 6 at present. What should you do to the H⁺ concentration?

Reduce it to 1/200 times its present value.

Cut it in half.

Reduce it to 1/100 of its present value.

Raise it to 100 times its present value.

Can't tell without more information.

Part B

What conditions must be met in order for an aqueous solution to be called âneutralâ?

Pure water has a pH of 0.

pH is important in life mainly because it affects the cohesion of water.

A high pH corresponds to a high H⁺ concentration.

Stomach juice has a high pH.

None of the above.

Part C

Factory smoke has led to acid rain that lowered the pH of a lake to 5.0. What is the H⁺ concentration in the lake?

The hydronium ion concentration is greater than the hydroxide ion concentration.

The concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions are equal.

There are no hydronium or hydroxide ions present in the solution.

The hydroxide ion concentration is greater than the hydronium ion concentration.

None of the above.

Your tank of swamp fish needs a pH of 5, and the pH is 7 at present. What should you do to the H⁺ concentration?

Part E

In a washing machine, the detergent raised the pH to 9.0. The concentration of OH^- in the solution is ...

In a washing machine, the detergent raised the pH to 9.0. The concentration of OH^- in the solution is ...

Cut it in half.

Reduce it to 1/100 of its present value.

Raise it to 100 times its present value.

Raise it to 200 times its present value.

SubmitHintsMy AnswersGive UpReview Part

Part F

Your tank of alkali fish needs a pH of 8, and the pH is 6 at present. What should you do to the H⁺ concentration?

Reduce it to 1/200 times its present value.

Cut it in half.

Reduce it to 1/100 of its present value.

Raise it to 100 times its present value.

Can't tell without more information.

Life Chemistry LabReport

Elements of Living Organisms
Name the five most abundant elements found in the humanbody.

Cells organize into tissues which work together to form

What is the difference between an atom and an element?

Molecules

Is glucose an atom or molecule? What are the atoms inglucose?

How many bonds can oxygen form?

Is C₆H₁₂O₆ a molecular orstructural formula? What is the name of this molecule?

Based on lab, Section II, draw and label a ball and stickrepresentation of a carbon dioxide, water and ethyl alcoholmolecule. Use circles to designate atoms and lines for bonds, thenindicate the chemical symbol for each atom. Sign, date and preparean image of your drawing and include it with this lab report.

Molecular Make Up of Living Organisms

Name the four groups of organic molecules.

_______ are the most abundant organic molecules in livingorganisms.

Name a polysaccharide, monosaccharide, protein and alipid.

Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercises 2, 3, 4 and 5 to completethe following table:

Type of Organic Molecule	Reagent	Sample Tested	Positive Color	Negative Color
Carbohydrate (starch)	Iodine
Sugar	Benedictâs solution
Lipid (fat)	Sudan IV
Protein	Biuret

Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercise 6 to locate starch in potatocells. Describe the microscopic appearance of starch in terms ofcolor and location within the cells.

Measurement of pH

What substance has an equal number of hydrogen ions(H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH^-)?

What is the pH of the above substance?

How does the addition of hydroxide ions (OH^-) affectthe pH of your stomach?

Go to lab, Section 4, Exercise 7 to test the pH of commonsolutions. Which solution tested had a pH closest to neutral? Whichsolution was most acidic?

Summary Questions

What is the smallest subunit of carbohydrates?

Which reagent could be used to test for diabetes?

A member of your family has a high blood cholesterol count. Yousee âfat freeâ crackers in the grocery store and decide to test theproduct for the presence of lipids. How would this testproceed?

A family member has been cautioned about eating foods high insugar. Explain how a test could be run for the presence ofsugar.

Explain how to test for the presence of protein in milk.

A friend complains of stomach acidity. Which substance testedmight safely help relieve your friendâs symptoms?

Explain how solutions are classified as acids or bases. Then,give an example of a weak acid.

Need help with biology questions:

1. To increase the excretion of an acidic drug, what would you do to the urine?

	A.	Make it more basic
	B.	None of the above
	C.	Make it neutral
	D.	Make it more acidic

2. G-Protein coupled receptors directly act on which of the following secondary messenger molecules:

	A.	cAMP
	B.	ATP
	C.	ADP
	D.	GTP
	E.	None of the above or more than one of the above

3. Drug A and Drug B both produce the same level of biological/physiological response. Drug A produces this effect with 100 mg/kg dose. Drug B produces this effect with 50 mg/kg dose. Which of the following is true?:

	A.	Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A. Both drugs are equally potent.
	B.	Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B. Both drugs are equally potent.
	C.	Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug A is more potent than Drug B.
	D.	Drug A and B are equally efficacious. Drug B is more potent than Drug A.

4. The stomach has a ______ pH, whereas the small intestines have a _______ pH. The colon has an approximately ___________ pH.

	A.	High; low; neutral
	B.	Low; high; neutral
	C.	Low; neutral; neutral
	D.	None of the above

5. Which receptor is most likely to reduce norepinephrine levels when activated?

	A.	alpha 2 adrenergic
	B.	alpha 1 adrenergic
	C.	dopamine D1 receptors

6. Which of the following statements are FALSE?

	A.	If the Vd of a drug is between 60 and 80 L the drug has likely distributed to the total body water of a 200 kg man.
	B.	In the enterohepatic system the activity of bacteria to remove conjugates from a drug in the gut will decrease the clearance of the drug.
	C.	Lipid drugs are more likely to be reabsorbed by the kidney from the urine.
	D.	A weak basic drug (pKa = 6) will be mostly ionized in urine of a pH= 3 and only the non- ionized drug will be eliminated.
	E.	The major conjugate in Phase 2 metabolism is glucuronide.

7. Isoproterenol (Î²-agonist) is a vasodilator that increases HR. What happens to systolic and diastolic pressures upon IV administration of isoproterenol?

	A.	â systolic; â diastolic
	B.	â systolic; â diastolic
	C.	â systolic; â diastolic
	D.	â systolic; â diastolic
	E.	None of the above

8. If you want to increase the blood concentration of a drug A, you can perform which of the following procedures:

	A.	Inhibit Drug A metabolism with Drug B
	B.	Enhance Drug A reabsorption from renal proximal tubule by changing ionization of Drug A with Drug B
	C.	Allow competition of Drug B with Drug A for active renal secretion processes
	D.	Increase the binding of Drug A to serum albumin
	E.	All of the above

9. Which of the following describes Phase I metabolism?

	A.	Inactive products are always produced in this phase.
	B.	Large molecules such as glucuronic acid are conjugated to drugs in this phase.
	C.	This phase may produce active metabolites from prodrugs.
	D.	This phase only occurs in the liver.

10. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic amines?

	A.	Phenylethanolamine N-methyl Transferase
	B.	Dopamine Î²-hydroxylase
	C.	Tyrosine dehydroxylase
	D.	DOPA decarboxylase
	E.	All of the above

11. Why would an antibiotic at the same concentration be more active against bacteria in water than in serum or plasma? (Activity is measured in a test tube)

	A.	activity of the antibiotic is increased in water.
	B.	due to drug-protein interaction in serum
	C.	the antibiotic is more stable in water
	D.	all of the above
	E.	none of the above

12. Ion channels are targets for drugs. Which drug class targets Na+ channels?

	A.	Benzodiazepines
	B.	Beta blockers
	C.	Local anesthetics
	D.	Antihypertensive drugs (cardiac and smooth muscle)
	E.	Glibenclimide (diabetic drug)

13. _________________ not metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).

	A.	Dopamine
	B.	Epinephrine
	C.	Phenylephrine
	D.	Norepinephrine
	E.	All of the above are metabolized by COMT.