CPO-2002 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Mikhail Gorbachev, New Forum, Berlin Wall
Document Summary
Number of independent countries in world grew from 67 (1946) to 190 (2000) = accelerated decolonization process forced upon european powers and breakup of soviet union. Referred to as third wave of democratization by samuel huntington. Since 1992 number of democracies has been greater than number of dictatorships. First (cid:858)lo(cid:374)g(cid:859) (cid:449)a(cid:448)e: (cid:1005)(cid:1012)(cid:1006)(cid:1012)-1926 = roots in american and french revolutions. Se(cid:272)o(cid:374)d (cid:858)short(cid:859) (cid:449)a(cid:448)e: (cid:1005)(cid:1013)(cid:1008)(cid:1007)-1962 = origins in wwii. Third wave: 1974-present = started with end of portuguese dictatorship. Bottom-up democratic transition: the people rise up to overthrow an authoritarian regime in a popular revolution. Debate about whether success of democratic nation building depends on the identity of the external force. Relatively little systematic research examining factors that determine the success or failure of externally imposed democracy. Intervention may promote democratic reform in the short run ultimately produces political instability in the long run. Perestroika (economic restructuring): aimed at liberalizing and regenerating the soviet economy.
