CPO-2002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: 5,6,7,8, Counterintuitive, Iron Curtain
Document Summary
-number of independent countries growing steadily over time. ~bottom-up transition: citizens overthrow authoritarian regime in popular revolution. ~top-down transition: dictatorial ruling elite introduces liberalizing reforms that lead to transition. -intervention could lead to temporary democratic reform, but can also lead to instability. -study: u. s. intervention does not typically lead to democracy. -study: examines impact of military intervention on democratization from 1946-2001, finds that intervention by un or dictatorial states leads to a reduction in democracy. Intervention by democracies leads to trickles of democracy (i. e. legislatures and elections) (cid:271)ut does(cid:374)"t full(cid:455) esta(cid:271)lish a de(cid:373)o(cid:272)ra(cid:272)(cid:455) to a (cid:373)ea(cid:374)ingful level. ~after ww2: allied forces divide germany, soviet union annexes east europe. ~east europe re(cid:373)ai(cid:374)ed (cid:862)iro(cid:374) (cid:272)urtai(cid:374)(cid:863) throughout se(cid:272)o(cid:374)d half of (cid:1006)(cid:1004)th century. ~tensions between soviet russia and u. s. = cold war. ~1989: collapse of communism was inevitable, but came as surprise to everyone. ~huge secret police force even existed (one officer per 90 citizens)
