BIO 264 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Fluid Mosaic Model, Lipid Bilayer, Cell Membrane
18 Jun 2018
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The Cell
Three basic components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Plasma membrane
● Fence
● Structural support, communication with other cells, cell identification, isolate cells from
surroundings
● Intracellular space: contains cytosol
● Extracellular space: area outside cell
● Keeps two fluid compartments separate
Cytoplasm- organelles and cytoskeleton
● Cytosol- fluid in cytoplasm that makes up half of cell’s total volume
○ Water and proteins, dissolved solutes
○ Storing materials, providing site for reactions (protein synthesis)
○ Inclusions- storage molecules
■ liver/skeletal contain glycogen (glucose)
○ Glycolysis take place here: splits glucose to generate ATP
● Organelles- suspended in cytosol
○ Compartmentalize for organization
● Cytoskeleton- network of protein filaments
○ Supports cell/maintain shape
Nucleus- contains cell’s DNA
● Surrounded by phospholipid bilayer /(nuclear envelope)
● Primary location for RNA production
**Cytoplasm variation is for specialization**
- I.e. liver is built for detoxification
- Skeletal help contract and generate movement
Phospholipid bilayer- barrier between ECF and cytosol
● Must have parts that can interact with water, and parts that can repel it
○ Hydrophilic areas must have polar covalent bonds
○ Hydrophobic areas must have nonpolar covalent bonds
○ Amphiphilic- has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
○ Bilayer has heads facing out, tails facing in
Fluid Mosaic Model- all of the parts combine
● Dynamic, changes from moment to moment
● Fluidity, moving within membrane, is useful in movement, reproduction, transporting
Membrane Proteins- give unique properties to cells
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Document Summary
Structural support, communication with other cells, cell identification, isolate cells from surroundings. Cytosol- fluid in cytoplasm that makes up half of cell"s total volume. Storing materials, providing site for reactions (protein synthesis) Glycolysis take place here: splits glucose to generate atp. Must have parts that can interact with water, and parts that can repel it. Hydrophilic areas must have polar covalent bonds. Hydrophobic areas must have nonpolar covalent bonds. Amphiphilic- has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Bilayer has heads facing out, tails facing in. Fluid mosaic model- all of the parts combine. Fluidity, moving within membrane, is useful in movement, reproduction, transporting. Peripheral proteins: found on one side of membrane. Loosely bound to membrane or surface of integral. Cholesterol- stabilizes structure of plasma membrane with temperature changes, helps maintain fluidity. Glycolipids/glycoproteins consist of carbohydrate chains, function in cell recognition. Selectively permeable- lets some things past, but not others. Ecf contains glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, water, ions,oxygen, vitamins.
