BIOSC-116 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Vascular Resistance, Interventricular Septum, Pulmonary Hypertension
9 Dec 2020
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Document Summary
Significance and pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (pe) mks1b. Yearly incidence is between 100 000 - 300 000 venous thromboembolisms, of which will be pes. There"s no way of telling which ones, so we cover broad thromboembolisms with anticoagulants. Mortality is 30% without and 10% with anticoagulant therapy. 14 million hospitalized patients at risk, 25% will eventually develop one. The clot causes blood to cease flowing to the alveoli. This causes a v/q mismatch, increased a-a. Increases pulmonary resistance, right cardiac pressure elevation and failure. Pathophysiology: pe -> high pulmonary vascular resistance (pvr) > right ventricle (rv) pressure and volume overload / decreased. Rv function and r coronary perfusion / rv wall ischemia; rv dilatation shifts the interventricular septum which lowers lv preload which lowers cardiac output / hypotension. Increased pvr and pulmonary hypertension due to vascular obstruction and vasoconstriction from vasoactive mediators. Alveolar hyperventilation due to irritant receptor reflex stimulation and o2 delivery. increased airway resistance due to bronchiolar.
