BIOL2000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Electrochemical Gradient, Mitochondrion, Coenzyme Q10
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The reduced nucleotides NADH and FADH are converted to ATP via the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The most widely accepted values among biochemists are shown.
Nucleotide Output | ATP Output |
NADH | 2.5 |
FADH2 | 1.5 |
Each acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle produces two CO2, three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP (converted directly to ATP in the cell). Taking into consideration the conversion of reduced nucleotides to ATP, what is the total number of ATP produced by one glucose (2 Acteyl CoA) going through the citric acid cycle?
Fill in the blank in the following table:
metabolic cycle | location pro/ eukaryote | components | substrates | products | pathway purpose |
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis) | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 10 enzymes | |||
pentose phosphate pathway | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | dozen enzyme | 1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP | 1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP | Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism |
PDH reaction | cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix | ||||
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle | generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors | ||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration) | |||||
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration) | 1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP | N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP | Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+ | ||
Fermentation | cytoplasm/ cytoplasm | 1 or more enzymes (vary by organism) | 1 pyruvate, 1 NADH | 1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+ | Regenerate NAD+ |