BIOL 1111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 18: Genotype Frequency, Allele Frequency, Heterozygote Advantage

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Summary Questions for Chapter 18 Microevolution
1. What is microevolution?
2. What is the definition of a population?
3. What are the two types of phenotypic variation? How do they differ?
4. What are the two contributing factors that lead to phenotypic variation? Which one is heritable and why?
5. How would you design an experiment to determine if genetics or environment is cause the phenotypic
variations?
6. What is artificial selection?
7. Before you can study population genetics what do you need to know about the population?
8. What is a gene pool?
9. What is the difference between allele frequency and genotype frequency?
10. In diploid organisms what is the sum of the genotype frequencies?
11. In diploid organisms what is the sum of the allele frequencies?
12. What is a null model?
13. What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
14. What does it mean if a population is in genetic equilibrium?
15. When calculating allele and genotype frequencies what are p, q, p2, q2 and 2pq?
16. How would you know if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
17. What are the five Hardy-Weinberg conditions that must be met for a population to be in equilibrium?
18. Describe the five major agents that will contribute to microevolutionary changes.
19. Describe the four types of mutations?
20. How do behaviour and dispersal agents enhance gene flow?
21. What are main causes for genetic drift and how does this affect genetic variability?
22. What does relative fitness mean within a population?
23. Describe the three modes of natural selection.
24. How can directional selection lead to stabilizing selection?
25. How does disruptive selection lead to polymorphisms?
26. How can inbreeding lead to an increase in frequency of homozygotes?
27. How can diploidy protect recessive alleles from the actions of natural selection?
28. What is balanced polymorphism?
29. What is heterozygote advantage?
30. What are adaptive traits?
31. What is adaptation?
32. What are the constraints on adaptive evolution?
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