BIO130H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Electron Shell, Electronegativity, Phospholipid

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The atoms that make up a molecule are joined together by. The formation of a covalent bond is accompanied by the release of energy, which must be absorbed at some time later if the bond is to be broken. 100 kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) 1 of molecules: by comparison, the thermal energy of a molecule is only. 0. 6 kcal/mol: the thermal vibrations acting on a molecule are thus far too weak to break a covalent bond, making these bonds stable under most conditions. In many cases, two atoms can become joined by bonds in which more than one pair of electrons are shared. Among the atoms most commonly present in biological molecules, nitrogen and oxygen are strongly electronegative. Molecules, such as water, that have an asymmetric distribution of charge (or dipole) are referred to as polar molecules: polar molecules of biological importance contain one or more electronegative atoms, usually o, n, and/or s.

Related Questions

2. Inductive reasoning in science:

a) is often part of the discovery process

b) proceeds from specific observations to general conclusions

c) is complementary to deductive reasoning

d) often relies on descriptive science

e) all of the above

3. A proton is a subatomic particle with:

a) a negative charge and an atomic mass of 1

b) a negative charge and a negligible mass

c) a positive charge and an atomic mass of 1

d) no charge and an atomic mass of 1

e) no charge and a negligible mass

4. Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed when:

a) electrons are shared equally by atoms

b) electrons are shared unequally by atoms

c) electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another

d) two atoms both lose electrons

e) a negative pole of one atom is attracted to a positive pole of another atom

5. Hydrogen bonds are formed when:

a) electrons are shared equally by atoms

b) electrons are shared unequally by atoms

c) electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another

d) two atoms both lose electrons

e) a negative end of one molecule is attracted to a positive end of another molecule

6. Compared with a solution of pH = 4, a solution with pH = 6 is:

a) 2 times less acidic

b) 10 times more acidic

c) 100 times more acidic

d) 10 times less acidic

e) 100 times less acidic

7. Nucleotides are formed from:

a) 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

b) 3 monosaccharides and a glycerol

c) a fatty acid, a pentose sugar, and 1 or more phosphate groups

d) a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and 1 or more phosphate groups

e) an amino acid, a pentose sugar, and 1 or more phosphate groups

8. Which nucleotide base is found in RNA, but not in DNA?

a) adenine

b) cytosine

c) guanine

d) thymine

e) uracil

9. The correct sequence for the levels in the taxonomic hierarchy is:

a) domain â class â order â kingdom â phylum â genus â family â species

b) kingdom â domain â class â phylum â order â family â genus â species

c) domain â kingdom â phylum â class â order â family â genus â species

d) domain â kingdom â phylum â class â order â genus â family â species

e) phylum â kingdom â domain â order â class â genus â family â species

10. The outer (valence) shell of an atom can hold a maximum of:

a) 4 electrons

b) 6 electrons

c) 8 electrons

d) 12 electrons

e) 18 electrons

11. Which of the following is not true of lipids?

a) they are a diverse group of biological molecules

b) they are hydrophobic

c) they are less oxidized than carbohydrates

d) they are strongly polar

e) they can store more energy than carbohydrates

coralcattle151

Why does sodium react so easily with chloride to make sodium chloride?

	A.	Both atoms have incomplete outer orbitals and they complete each other's when they combine
	B.	Sodium chloride is table salt, one of the most reactive molecules in living things.
	C.	Opposites attract.
	D.	Both atoms have outermost shells full of electrons.
	E.	Sodium chloride is highly explosive.

What is meant by the statement âlife is diverse?â

	A.	There are many living organisms on Earth
	B.	Each living thing is a unique individual.
	C.	All living things are related to each other.
	D.	There are many different kinds of living organisms on Earth
	E.	There are many places to live on Earth.

What is considered the fundamental unit of life?

	A.	DNA
	B.	Carbohydrates
	C.	A molecule
	D.	Nucleic acid
	E.	A cell

In evolution, why is it important that individuals vary from each other?

	A.	Variation allows some individuals to do better than others, so those variations are selected for.
	B.	If variations or mutations are extreme enough, new species can result.
	C.	Variations are important because individuals have to change through time.
	D.	Variations are important because they're inherited.
	E.	Variation gives every individual an equal chance of surviving so they can be selected for.

If every species on Earth came from some other species, if you look backwards in time, what is the logical conclusion?

	A.	Species do not change through time.
	B.	All species are unique.
	C.	Species cannot adapt to environmental changes.
	D.	All species will eventually go extinct.
	E.	All species are related.

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Question 211 pts

Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.

True

False

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Question 221 pts

Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.

True

False

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Question 231 pts

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

True

False

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Question 241 pts

A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.

True

False

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Question 251 pts

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

True

False

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Question 261 pts

Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.

True

False

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Question 271 pts

There are 20 different amino acids.

True

False

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Question 281 pts

The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

True

False

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Question 291 pts

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Cells are the smallest units of structure and function

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival.

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Question 301 pts

What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutrons and electrons

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

protons and morons

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Question 311 pts

Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:

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Question 321 pts

An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:

inert

unable to form bonds with other atoms

reactive

extremely stable

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Question 331 pts

All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as

metabolism

homeostasis

heredity

cellular organization

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Question 341 pts

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?

made of one or more cells

grow and reproduce

posses DNA

need oxygen to survive

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Question 351 pts

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:

global warming due to increased CO2

increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth.

act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth.

increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth.

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Question 361 pts

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:

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Question 371 pts

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.

True

False

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Question 381 pts

If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?

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Question 391 pts

The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.

reduction; oxidation

transduction; adduction

oxidation; reduction

removal; addition

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Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

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BIO130H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Electron Shell, Electronegativity, Phospholipid

BIO130H1 Full Course Notes

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