BIO370Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid, Uridine, Polysaccharide

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22 Dec 2016

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Metabolism is central to all life (even bacteria use it to survive and reproduce) Features of metabolism that are common in all organisms: Therefore, to maintain structural complexity, organisms need to get energy from the environment: the energy cells get from their environment is often conserved as a molecule of atp. Atp is used to supply the energy needed for certain chemical reactions: oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions play an important role in energy conservation. Many of these redox reactions occur in electron transport chains: the chemical reaction that occurs in cells are organized into pathways, the functioning of biochemical pathways is regulated. This is to make sure products are made at the right time. Cells must do work in order to survive and reproduce. Cells carry out 3 major types of work: chemical work. Involves the synthesis of complex biological molecules from simpler precursors. Energy is needed to increase the molecular complexity of the cell: transport work.

Related Questions

1. Energy ______

	cannot be produced by fungi and heterotrophicorganisms.
	involves ATP in living organisms.
	is the ability to do work.
	usage is governed by the laws of thermodynamics.
	all of these

2. Enzymes, which are usually _______, increase the rate of areaction by ______.

	steroids; increasing the temperature of the substrates
	carbohydrates; contributing electrons to the reaction
	proteins; decreasing activation energy
	lipids; changing the pH of the substrates

3. Why is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) important in cells?

	It accelerates diffusion.
	It stores energy in an easily accessible form that can be usedto do work.
	It is assembled into long chains that make up cellmembranes.
	It acts as an enzyme speeding up chemical reactions.

4. Why are enzymes important to humans?

	Because they can evade the laws of thermodynamics.
	Because they are proteins.
	Because they allow reactions to occur at body temperature.
	Because they increase body temperature.

ivorymallard438

1-Metabolic pathways developed by the cells enabled severalthings. Which of the following is not one of them?

A) Synthesize the compounds it requires from smaller moleculeprecursors

B) Utilize catalysts for its reactions to accelerate them

C) Produce or utilize energy needed for the cellularactivities

D) Make its own oxygen

2. Cells carry out different metabolic reactions, in differentcompartments (= different enclosed organelles of the cell). Whichof the following are the reasons for this?

A) Protect the metabolism from unwanted environmentalfactors

B) Enclosure enables maintaining high concentrations of thecomponents without letting them diffuse away

C) More concentrated substances can react more readily, withincreased efficiency

D) All of the above

E) Only a and b

3.Which of the following developed during the evolution ofeukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

A) DNA

B) the cell membrane

C) nuclear membranes to form nucleus

D) ribosomes

E) proteins

4. Which three cellular components are present in bothprokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria

B) nucleus, ribosomes, RNA

C) RNA, DNA, ribosomes

D) endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, RNA

E) mitochondria, DNA, RNA

5.Phylogeny is

A) the science of biological classification based onmorphological features of organisms

B) the science of biological classification based on theevolutionary relationships between organisms.

C) the science of biological classification based onreproductive strategies.

D) the branch of science that studies phyllopods.

E) none of the above

6.Which of the following is False regarding mutations?

A) They are small changes in an individualâs geneticmaterial

B) All mutations are bad and cause diseases

C) Mutations that increases the chances of an individualorganism increases the possibility that this mutation is passed onto next generations

D) Mutations that are deleterious (damaging to the organism)tend to end with the organismâs death

7.Which of the following is NOT true about evolution theory?

A) It proceeds through random changes, that affect the abilityof the organism to reproduce and survive under existingenvironmental circumstances

B) Variations in individual organisms is better for survival andadaptation to changes, than being homogenous

C) All the changes in an organism are new, they were notdependent on preexisting features

D) Organisms continue to evolve; evolution has not stopped

10.In thermodynamics, the reaction (or organism or the materialwe are studying) of interest is called:

a) State

b) Universe

c) Matter

d) Energy

sangriawildebeest451

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Question 211 pts

Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.

True

False

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Question 221 pts

Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.

True

False

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Question 231 pts

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

True

False

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Question 241 pts

A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.

True

False

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Question 251 pts

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

True

False

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Question 261 pts

Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.

True

False

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Question 271 pts

There are 20 different amino acids.

True

False

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Question 281 pts

The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

True

False

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Question 291 pts

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Cells are the smallest units of structure and function

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival.

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Question 301 pts

What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutrons and electrons

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

protons and morons

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Question 311 pts

Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:

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Question 321 pts

An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:

inert

unable to form bonds with other atoms

reactive

extremely stable

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Question 331 pts

All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as

metabolism

homeostasis

heredity

cellular organization

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Question 341 pts

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?

made of one or more cells

grow and reproduce

posses DNA

need oxygen to survive

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Question 351 pts

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:

global warming due to increased CO2

increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth.

act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth.

increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth.

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Question 361 pts

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:

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Question 371 pts

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.

True

False

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Question 381 pts

If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?

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Question 391 pts

The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.

reduction; oxidation

transduction; adduction

oxidation; reduction

removal; addition

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Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

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BIO370Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid, Uridine, Polysaccharide

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