BIO152H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Uracil, Erwin Chargaff, Deoxyribose

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31 Jan 2013
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Nucleotides are monomers that consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen- containing base. Dna and rna"s primary structure consists of a sequence of nitrogen-containing bases, which contain information in the form of a molecular code. Dna"s secondary structure consists of two dna strands running in opposite directions, held together by complementary base pairing, and twisted into a double helix. Rna"s secondary structure includes short double helices and structures called hairpins. A nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides that are each composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base, The sugar is ribose in ribonucleotides and deoxyribose in deoxyribonucleotides. There are two groups of nitrogenous bases: purines (adenine, guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, uracil, and thymine). U is found only in ribonucleotides, and t is found only in deoxyribonucleotides. Simulations of chemical evolution have not yet produced nucleotides. Sugars and purines are easily made, but pyrimidines and ribose are not easily synthesized.

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