PHIL145 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Condom, Virology, Circular Reasoning
24 Aug 2016
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Phil145 chapter 4 book notes- fallacies: when arguments turn bad. Fallacies: mistakes in argument tend to cluster into some recognizable patterns. 3 categories: logical fallacies, evidential fallacies, procedural/pragmatic fallacies. General definition of fallacy in terms of categories: way of arguing that is unreliable. Structurally invalid argument is logically fallacious premises do not suffice to logically determine truth of conclusion. Non sequitar translated as it doesn"t follow . Ignoratio elenchi argument with irrelevant conclusion: conditional fallacies. Denying the antecedent (if part of conditional sentence) Therefore, it is not the case that q. Affirming the consequent (then part of conditional sentence) Denying the antecedent can be confused with modus tollens. Test validity by method of counter-example: interpretations that make premises come out true but conclusion false. If 3 + 3 = 4, then 3 + 3 equals an even number: 3 + 3 = an even number, therefore, 3 +3 = 4.
