CHEM266 Chapter 6: Top Hat Chapter 6 Notes

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aquamarinecamel91

21 Oct 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM266

Professor

Steve Forsey

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Document Summary

Isomer: two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula, but are different because they are not superposable in 3d. Two types of isomers = structural / constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Same molecular formula, but their atoms are bonded in a different order. Different compounds and may have very different chemical and physical properties. Same molecular formula and connectivity, but differ in arrangement of atoms in space (e. g. cis and trans isomers) Cis stereoisomers have groups on the same side, trans stereoisomers have groups on the opposite sides. Cahn-ingold-prelog convention is used for alkenes that cannot be named using cis or trans nomenclature (alkenes that have more than two different groups in vinylic positions) With double or triple bonds (sp2 or sp), must be artificially transformed into sp3 atoms and treat as single bonds. Mirror-image stereoisomerism occurs when a molecule and its mirror image are non-superposable. Chiral: molecule whose mirror image is non-superposable and is a different molecule.

Related Questions

When two substituents are on the same side of a ring skeleton, they are said to be cis, and when on opposite sides, trans (analogous to use of those terms with 1,2-disubstituted alkene isomers). Consider stereoisomeric forms of 1,2-cyclopentanediol (compounds having a five-membered ring and hydroxyl groups on two adjacent carbons that are cis in one isomer and trans in the other). At high dilution in CCl4, both isomers have an infrared absorption band at approximately 3626 cm-1 but only one isomer has a band at 3572 -1.

silveryellowjacket622

Classify each of the following statements as true or false:

a) To be classified as organic, a compound must be or have been part of a living organism.

b) Carbon atoms normally form four bonds in organic compounds.

c) Only an unsaturated hydrocarbon can engage in an addition reaction.

d) Members of a homologous series differ by a distinct structural unit.

e) Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

f) Alkyl groups are a class of organic compounds.

g) Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

h) Cis-trans isomerism appear among alkenes but not alkynes.

i) All aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated.

j) Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure.

k) An alcohol has an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen atom, and an ether has two.

l) Carbonyl groups are found in alcohols and aldehydes.

m) An ester is an aromatic carbon made from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

n) An amine has one, two, or three alkyl groups substituted for hydrogens in an ammonia molecule.

o) An amide has the structure of a carboxylic acid except that replaces OH in the carboxyl group.

p) A peptide linkage series arises when a water molecule forms from a hydrogen from the of one amino acid molecule an from an another amino acid molecule.