CHEM103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Valence Bond Theory, Orbital Overlap, Orbital Hybridisation

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CHEM103 Full Course Notes
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CHEM103 Full Course Notes
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Central themes of valence bond (vb) theory. Covalent bond form when orbitals of two atoms overlap and a pair of electrons occupy the overlap region. According to quantum mechanics; overlap of two orbital means that their wave function are in phase to amplitude between nuclei increases. > opposing spins of electron pair: space formed by overlapping orbital has maximum capacity for two electrons that have opposite spins shaped electron. > orbital mixed and orbitals formed: two non-equivalent orbitals of a central atom (one s and p) mix and, orbital orientation increase electron density in bonding direction form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals oriented 180 apart. > overlap of orbitals from central and surrounding atom sp2. > 1 s 2 p 3 sp2 hybrid orbitals sp3. > 1s 3 p 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals sp3d. > 1(of 3s) 3(of 3p) 1(of 3d) sp3d hybrid orbitals. > the 3d can be any of the 5 3d orbitals sp3d2.

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